Pain

Question 1

Pain is objective or subjective?

Answer 1

always subjective

Question 2

what aspects to pain are where?

Answer 2

experience with sensory and emotional aspects

Question 3

does tissue damage size = pain amount?

Answer 3

Nope. variable.

Question 4

Nociception vs. pain?

Answer 4

Pain: reach conscious brain
nociception: before reach conscious brain

Question 5

how is pain expressed?

Answer 5

in behaviour/communicated

Question 6

nociceptors compared to somatosensory receptors?

Answer 6

nociceptors have higher threshold to transduction

Question 7

nociceptive pain you get what reactions?

Answer 7

autonomic
withdrawal
acts as early warning

Question 8

which nociceptors are myelinated? which faster?

Answer 8

A-delta (faster 3-30m/s)

C polymodals: unmyelinated (slower, <3m/s)

Question 9

glabrous skin does not have what fibers?

Answer 9

A-delta fibres

Question 10

first and second pains, how transmited?

Answer 10

A-delta: first

C: second

Question 11

where are most pain receptors in dossal horn?

Answer 11

most are superficial

Question 12

second order neurons project nociception via?

Answer 12

anterolateral tract

decussate at level of spinal cord

Question 13

do all second order neurons project nociception up?

Answer 13

only 1 in 9, others make reflex circuits

Question 14

how is nociceptive pain adaptive?

Answer 14

can signal potential tissue damage

Question 15

What does the inflammatory pain do?

Answer 15

give info about the damage after the injury

Question 16

describe inflammatory pain?

Answer 16

pain maintained continuously, tenderness promotes repair(protective)

Question 17

What is TRPV1?

Answer 17

nociceptive ion transducer activated in hot chili peppers to capsaicin

Question 18

what does polymodal mean?

Answer 18

neuron can depolarize due to multiple things: heat and mechanical

Question 19

peripheral sensitization leads to what sensation?

Answer 19

primary allodynia and hyperalgesia due to sensitized terminal

Question 20

what is secondary allodynia/hyperalgesia?

Answer 20

after CNS sensitization

also expanded region of sensitivity in nociceptive area

Question 21

inflammatory pain purpose?

Answer 21

adaptive and reversible

protect during healing

Question 22

inflammatory pain amplification? 2 ways

Answer 22

peripherally

centrally

Question 23

2 kinds of maladaptive pain?

Answer 23

neuropathic: lesion: stroke, MS, trauma
dysfunctional: no lesion: migraine, fibro, pelvic

Question 24

describe maladaptive pain:

Answer 24

spontaneous pain

pain hypersensitivity

Question 25

what is peripheral neuropathic pain?

Answer 25

injury to primary sensory neuron anywhere along the transduction pathway

Question 26

neuropathic pain purpose?

Answer 26

maladaptive, persistent
sensory amplification
low and high intensity stimuli

Question 27

3 points for neuropathic pain:

Answer 27

1. central amplification
2. neuroimmune interactions, PNS/CNS
3. peripheral amplification via lesion or disease

Question 28

how does emotional come into pain with chronic conditions?

Answer 28

emotional more of a role as condition becomes worse as it shifts from physiological to emotional processes

Question 29

how does spinal control of pain modulation happen?

Answer 29

inflamm will engage descending pain modulation inhibit or facilitate nociceptive transmission in spinal cord

Question 30

3 cortical areas associated with top-down psychological modulation of pain:

Answer 30

anterior cingulate
prefrontal
insula

Question 31

can you modulate placebo?

Answer 31

yes via opiod antagonist, you can reduce placebo effect

Question 32

What is Nocebo?

Answer 32

expectations of positive of negative beliefs will modulate pain felt

Question 33

6 psychobiological model of pain:

Answer 33

injury
genetics
chemical/structural
context
mood
cognition