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Jason's Neuro Block > Orbits & Eyes > Flashcards

Orbits & Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a blow out fracture of orbit? How and what is fractured? what does patient report?

A

trauma

fracture to ethmoid or lacrimal bone with entrapment of ocular muscles = double vision

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2
Q

What bones make the medial wall of orbit?

A

Maxilla
lacrimal
ethmoid
body of sphenoid

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3
Q

What bones make the lateral wall of orbit?

A

zygomatic

greater wing sphenoid

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4
Q

What bones make the floor of orbit?

A

maxilla

zygomatic

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5
Q

What bones make the roof of orbit?

A

frontal

lesser wing sphenoid

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6
Q

what are 3 layers to eye?

A
  1. sclera/cornea
  2. vascular
  3. neural
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7
Q

sclera means? How?

A

tough

predominantly collagen laid down in concentric circles

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8
Q

What attaches to sclera?

A

extraoccular eye muscles

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9
Q

What does the Cornea do?

A

principal refractor ~60%

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10
Q

5 layers of cornea?

A
  1. Epithelium (mucus membrane)
  2. Bowman’s layer
  3. stroma (collagen)
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. endothelium (cells don’t divide)
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11
Q

describe cornea histologically?

A

avascular

transparent

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12
Q

How is the cornea transparent?

A

very organized parallel collagen fibrils creating destructive interference

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13
Q

is the sclera transparent or opaque? why?

A

opaque

non ordered/non-uniform size of collagen

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14
Q

where is the anterior chamber?

A

between iris and cornea

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15
Q

what is the anterior chamber angle for?

A

aqueous humour drains out

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16
Q

Where in the anterior chamber angle does aqueous fluid drain out?

A

trabecular meshwork through the canal of Schlemm

17
Q

What is the Uvea? 3 things

A
  1. Ciliary body (makes aqueous humour)
  2. chroid
  3. iris
18
Q

3 things ciliary body does: which cells do what?

A
  1. make aqueous humour (epithelium)
  2. tethers lens (ciliary processes)
  3. accommodation (ciliary muscle)
19
Q

How is intraocular pressure created?

A

via ciliary body making aquenous humour

20
Q

What are zonules?

A

ligaments that attach ciliary processes to the lens.

21
Q

what does the ciliary muscle do? describe it’s neural connections

A

focuses by changing lens shape
parasympathetic
smooth muscle

22
Q

where do you find the ciliary muscle?

A

within ciliary body

23
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

loss of lens accommodation/flexibility with age

24
Q

2 muscles what control pupil: how innervated?

A
  1. sphincter pupilae, ParaS, CNIII

2. dilator pupilae, Symp

25
Q

What is the choroid?

A

3 layers of blood vessels under the retina that keeps it alive

26
Q

what is the most important layer of choroid?

A

choriocapillaris just underneath retina

27
Q

What is the fovea?

A

highest area of concentrated cones, no rods, HIGH visual acuity

28
Q

what is the macula?

A

area around fovea with decreased vasculature, mostly from choroid

29
Q

what is the orra serrata?

A

junction between retina and ciliary body

30
Q

what is the lamina cribosa?

A

a structure continuous with the sclera that runs perpendicular and through the optic nerve, contains sieve-holes that transmit nerve fibres

31
Q

where are the retinal artery and vein located?

A

in or along the optic nerve

32
Q

curtain come down over someone’s vision is most likely?

A

arterial ischemia/occlusion of central retinal artery

33
Q

what are the vessels you see in the fundoscope?

A

central retinal artery

34
Q

3 ciliary arteries are?

A

long posterior
short posterior
anterior ciliary

35
Q

What are the 2 arteries what supply the retina?

A
  1. Central retinal artery: inner

2. posterior ciliary: outer

36
Q

2 Muscles of the orbits and their innervation?

A
  1. orbicularis oculi (CNVII)
  2. levator palpebrae superiosis (CNIII)
    They work in opposition

Jason's Neuro Block (54 decks)

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