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Jason's Neuro Block > Brainstem Overview > Flashcards

Brainstem Overview Flashcards

0
Q

Brainstem starts and ends where?

A

mamillary bodies rostrally

pyramidal decussation caudally

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1
Q

2 big functions of brainstem

A

reflexes/unconscious behaviours

modulation of arousal/conscious states

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2
Q

what are the 2 pairs of bumps on the midbrain called? for what?

A

superior and inferior colliculi

eye movement and hearing

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3
Q

what linked with cerebellum?

A

pons

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4
Q

pons is limited by what structure?

A

4th ventricle

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5
Q

what is on the floor of the 4th ventricle?

A

facial colliculi

  1. abducens nucleus
  2. fibres of CN VII
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6
Q

what is located caudally on the medulla

A

dorsal columns

nuclei: gracile/cuneate

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7
Q

midbrain have massive what matter tracts called? for what?

A

cerebral peduncles connecting cerebrum to midbrain

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8
Q

how is the cerebellum attached to the pons?

A

via 3 peduncles
superior
middle
inferior

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9
Q

medulla rostrally

  1. contains 2 bulges, they are?
  2. what of the pyramids?
A
  1. olivary nuclei

2. pyramidal decussation

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10
Q

what is the tectum?

A

‘roof’ of the brainstem. ie. midbrain

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11
Q

what is tegmentum?

A

continuous with spinal cord

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12
Q

what do you find in the tectum?

A

colliculi of the midbrain

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13
Q

what do you find in the tegmentum? 2 things

A

cranial nerves

reticular formation

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14
Q

what do you find in the basis?

A

descending motor pathways
corticospinal
cerebellum

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15
Q

generally the ventral basis has what? vs. dorsal?

A

ventral: motor
dorsal: cranial nerves and nuclei

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16
Q

general somatic nerves innervate 2 things?

A

skeletal muscle

skin

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17
Q

general visceral nerves innervate 3 things

A

smooth muscle
blood vessels
glands

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18
Q

what does the C1 dermatome innervate?

A

NOTHING.

20
Q

cranial nerves do what?

A

supply somatic and visceral motor/sensory info to head

21
Q

Which CN are exclusively motor?

A

CNIII, IV, VI Eyes

CN XI, XII

22
Q

Which CNs are exclusively sensory?

A

CN I, II, VIII

23
Q

which CNs are mixed?

A

V
VII
IX
X

24
Q

What is the rule of 4 for CNs?

A

Midbrain: 3-4 (1-2 above midbrain)
Pons: 5-8
Medulla: 9-12

25
Q

where do cranial nerve nuclei sensory develop from?

A

Alar Plate

26
Q

during embryological development, cranial nerve nuclei lie where?

A

adjacent to ventricular system

27
Q

where do cranial nerve nuclei motor develop from?

A

basal plate

28
Q

cranial nerve nuclei, which are lateral? which are medial?

A

lateral: sensory
medial: motor

29
Q

how many columns for cranial nerve nuclei?

A

6
3 motor: medial
3 sensory: lateral

30
Q

what are the 3 cranial nerve nuclei motor columns?

A

general somatic
branchial motor
general visceral

31
Q

what are the 3 cranial nerve nuclei sensory columns?

A

general and special visceral
general somatic
special somatic

32
Q

What is reticular formation in the tegmentum?

A

millions of neurons communicating with each other to regulate cranial nerve nuclei function

33
Q

rostral reticular formation does? where?

A

alert conscious state

midbrain/upper pons

34
Q

Caudal reticular formation does? where?

A

reflexes, autonomic functions

pons/medulla

35
Q

rostral reticular formation does 2 things

A

ascending reticular activating system

long projection fibres (NT determined)

36
Q

where is the ventrolateral medullary reticular formation?

A

caudal reticular formation

37
Q

what does the ventrolateral medullary reticular formation do viscerally? how?

A

Vagus:
GI: swallow/vomit
Resp: cough, rhythm, sneeze, hiccup
cardio: HR

38
Q

3 major pathways in long fibre tracts?

A

Ascending: Dorsal column/anterolateral
descending: corticospinal

39
Q

What is the dorsal column medial lemnicus system for? crosses?

A

light touch, vibration,

crosses caudal medulla

40
Q

Anterolateral system for what crosses?

A

pain/temp

crosses in spinal cord

41
Q

corticospinal tract for?crosses?

A

motor function

crosses pyramidal decussation

42
Q

pyramidal decussation which tract?

A

corticospinal

43
Q

pain/temp is received by which system?

A

anterolateral

44
Q

Dorsal brainstem generally contains? 2 things:

A

cranial nerve nuclei

reticular formation

45
Q

ventral (basis) brainstem generally contains

A

corticospinal

midbrain: cerebral peduncles
pons: cerebellar peduncles
medulla: olivary nuclei

Jason's Neuro Block (54 decks)

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