Basal Ganglia Flashcards
in a complex movement, what else lights up besides primary motor?
supplemental motor area
supplemental motor area lights up when? 2:
- complex movement
2. mental rehearsal of complex movement
what is really represented in primary motor cortex?
functional movements
eg. hand to face and hand to chest
what are mirror motor neurons?
visually guided motor neurons in lateral premotor cortex
mirror neurons are activity or goal related?
activity related
inputs to primary motor include?
3D modelling of environment from parietal
premotor areas
inputs to premotor areas come from?
prefrontal cortex: value and judge significance
visual system provides what info to motor cortex?
dorsal: where: reaching
ventral: what: grasping
what is involved in sequence learning?
supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas
3 big functions of basal ganglia?
- selection of complex patterns of movement
- evaluating success of action
- initiating movements
basal ganglia is made up of 5 things:
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- subthalamic nucleus
- substantia nigra
what else does basal ganglia do besides movement? 3 others:
- limbic
- occulomotor
- prefrontal
How is the basal ganglia affected in Huntington’s?
basal ganglia severely affected/ablated
2 ways basal ganglia communicate?
- direct: initiation
2. indirect: suppression
4 big things cerebellum does:
- coordination/timing
- maintain tone
- motor learning
- plan sequences for complex movements
Cerebellar anatomy: how many lobes?
3 main lobes
sup
mid (largest)
inf.
cerebellar histology
cortex gray, subcortical white, same neural circuitry design throughout entire cerebellum
cerebellar functional organization?
medial to lateral for body somatotopy
cerebellar deficits called?
ataxia
effects of a cerebellar unilateral lesion are which side?
ipsilateral (double cross over)
Cerebellar Anterior Lobe syndrome get what 2 things? from what?
- ataxic gait
- loss of interlimb coordination (heel slide)
usually from ethanol toxicity
Cerebellar posterior lobe syndrome gets what 3 things?
- dysmetria (overshoot reach)
- dysdiadochokinesia
- speech abnormality
Cerebellar flocculonodular lobe syndrome get?
truncal ataxia
dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, speech abnormality seen with?
Cerebellar posterior lobe syndrome
how do you get truncal ataxia?
Cerebellar flocculonodular lobe syndrome
how do you get ataxic gait, loss of interlimb coordination?
Cerebellar Anterior Lobe syndrome
if you have right side deficits that are of cerebellar origins, where in cerebellum is lesion?
right side ipsilateral
cerebellum demonstrates what with dart throwing and prism glasses? what happens with unilateral lesion?
- plasticity
2. unable to adjust with prism glasses
