Chemical Transmission CNS

Question 1

3 CNS efferent

Answer 1

peripheral
somatic
autonomic

Question 2

2 types of sensory afferent?

Answer 2

external stimuli

internal stimuli

Question 3

name the NT and receptor type for sympathetic system

Answer 3

Noradrenaline - A/B (Ligand -gated) adrenoreceptors

Question 4

name the NT and receptor type for parasympathetic system

Answer 4

ACh: muscarinic receptors(GPCR)

Question 5

Inactivation usually occurs how with NA and ACh?

Answer 5

NA: reuptake
ACh: metabolism

Question 6

2 kinds of receptors at synapse

Answer 6

post-junctional

prejunctional

Question 7

what causes release of NTs?

Answer 7

calcium influx

Question 8

4 ways NA is inactivated:

Answer 8

1. pre neuronal uptake: primary
2. prejunctional -ve feedback
3. postjunctional extraneuronal uptake
4. Metabolism via MAO

Question 9

Cocaine dose response of S. american indians vs western society

Answer 9

chewed/slow release

injected/rapid absorption

Question 10

what does amphetamines and ephedrine do in the synapse?

Answer 10

displaces NA from storage vesicles even at low levels of neuronal activation

Question 11

what does cocaine do in the synapse?

Answer 11

prevent NA reuptake

Question 12

3 ‘other’ classes of NTs?

Answer 12

Amino Acids (GABA, glutamate)
Peptides (opioids, NPY, CCK)
Nitric Oxide

Question 13

Dopamine is precursor to what?

Answer 13

Noradrenaline

Question 14

4 big functions of Dopamine:

Answer 14

movement
behaviour
dependence: pleasure
pituitary

Question 15

cocaine block 3 NT uptake:

Answer 15

NA
dopamine
serotonin

Question 16

why do you get dependence in cocaine?

Answer 16

dopaminergic action

Question 17

what does cocaine block at higher levels?

Answer 17

Na+ channels

Question 18

To manage Parkinson’s you need to treat with what?

Answer 18

Multiple:
L-DOPA + peripheral DDC inhibitor
MAO inhibitor
dopamine receptor agonist
muscarinic receptor antagonists

Question 19

to treat Huntington’s:

Answer 19

GABA against Baclofen

dopamine antagonist

Question 20

Can a synapse be both excitatory and inhibitory?

Answer 20

Nope, one or the other

Question 21

Can a NT be both excitatory and inhibitory?

Answer 21

yes depends on receptor

Question 22

2 kinds of receptors in CNS:

Answer 22

Ligand-gated: nicotinic/GABA A

GPCR: muscarinic, A/B adrenoceptors

Question 23

supporting cells of CNS secrete what? role in disease?

Answer 23

neurotrophic factors

degenerative diseases may be loss of these supporting cells

Question 24

2 big tenants in CNS chemical transmission:

Answer 24

1. more than one NT involved

2. one NT involved in many pathways