Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What does ANS not innervate?

Answer 1

CNS and Skeletal muscle

Question 2

purpose of ANS?

Answer 2

homeostasis and survival

Question 3

Organs are innervated by SNS or PNS?

Answer 3

Both but usually different tissues

Question 4

Where are the sympathetic ganglion in relation to organs?

Answer 4

more distant

Question 5

Where are the parasympathetic ganglion in relation to organs?

Answer 5

proximal or within organs

Question 6

two post-ganglionic types in sympathetic system?

Answer 6

prevertebral

paravertebral (sympathetic chain)

Question 7

where is the myelination in the pre/post ganglions?

Answer 7

pre: lightly myelinated
post: unmyelinated

Question 8

Post ganglionic NTs and receptors for SNS and PNS?

Answer 8

SNS: NA or ACh(M);sweat glands
PNS: ACh(M)

Question 9

primary transmitters in CNS?

Answer 9

Glutamate and GABA

Question 10

Non classical NTs include?

Answer 10

ATP
NO
neuropeptide P and Y

Question 11

when more than one NT released it’s called:

Answer 11

co-transmission

Question 12

Neurotransmission in organs 4 main points:

Answer 12

1. no easily visible junction
2. multiple NT release sites
3. extrajunctional receptors
4. unknown functions still

Question 13

The intermediolateral cell column runs where? for which system?

Answer 13

T1 - L3

SNS preganglionic

Question 14

what do sympathetic ganglia do?

Answer 14

integration

coordination between sympathetic nerves and organs

Question 15

Paravertebral post- ganglia does what?

Answer 15

primary vasoconstrictor

Question 16

prevertebreal post- ganglia does what?

Answer 16

primary non-vascular smooth muscle innervation

Question 17

which system does convergence vs. divergence?

Answer 17

sympathetic post ganglionic

preganglionic: divergence
prevertebral: convergence

Question 18

SNS also activates what?

Answer 18

Adrenal glands to get mass adrenoceptor activation via hormones

Question 19

day-to day sympathetic activation does what?

Answer 19

regulates and tweaks a variety of things like HR, BP, reproduction, tissues/organs

Question 20

3 cranial preganglionic neurons include:

Answer 20

1. edinger-westphal
2. salivatory nuclei
3. dorsal motor vagus/n.Ambuguous

Question 21

preganglionic sacral do what?

Answer 21

control pelvic organs via pelvic plexus

Question 22

what’s special about pelvic plexus?

Answer 22

unusually long axons
vulnerable to surgical injury
mixed ganglia

Question 23

pelvic ganglia are?

Answer 23

relay stations, no dendrites

Question 24

Parasympathetic NS works purely via?

Answer 24

synapses

Question 25

Parasympathetic not linked to rest-digest include what function?

Answer 25

bladder control

Question 26

SNS and Parasympathetic antagonistic to each other?

Answer 26

Not really. Mostly synergistic

Question 27

3 cases where SNS and Parasympathetic are antagonistic at cellular level?

Answer 27

SA node for HR
Heart contractility
Airway relaxation

Question 28

2 examples of SNS Parasympathetic antagonism but with different cells?

Answer 28

SNS: dilator pupillae
Parasympathetic: sphincter pupillae
SNS: bladder
Parasympathetic: voiding bladder

Question 29

lacrimal controlled by?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic

Question 30

serous vs. mucous salivary controlled via SNS or Para?

Answer 30

serous: sympathetic
mucous: Parasympathetic

Question 31

what’s the only correct definition of location of preganglionic neurons?

Answer 31

anatomical:
sympathetic: thoracic, lumbar
Parasympathetic: cranial/sacral nuclei

Question 32

Describe 2 types of autonomic reflex

Answer 32

Supraspinal: up to brain
spinal: stays in cord only

Question 33

where is the major integrative centre for autonomic function? where does it go from there?

Answer 33

caudal nucleus solitarus tract in medulla: then goes:

1. local reflexes
2. higher centres

Question 34

what is the central coordinator of autonomic output?

Answer 34

hypothalamus and paraventricular nucleus

Question 35

what does hypothalamus and paraventricular nucleus with sensory ANS info?

Answer 35

receives
compares to set points
adjusts via endocrine
integrates with limbic and cortical systems