General Structure Nervous System Flashcards
PNS made of two things
Nerves
ganglia
why is white matter white?
due to myelinated (fat) axons and glia
why is grey matter grey?
dendrites, somata and glia
L and R hemispheres of Cerebrum split by?
longitudinal fissure
What are the ridges?
gyri
What are the grooves?
sulci
surface of cerebrum is called the?
cortex
cerebrum is site of 4 big things
language
memory
emotions
self-awareness
What does the central sulcus divide?
frontal and parietal lobes
What does the lateral sulcus divide?
temporal from frontal/parietal
Brodmann’s Areas are based on what differences?
cellular differences in organisation
PET scans look at?
areas of high metabolic activity
how many layers in cortex? thickness of cortex?
6 layers
1cm think
left and right cortices linked where?
corpus callosum
Cerebellum does 2 things to motor
compares intention to execution
refines execution
Basal Ganglia is where?
diencephalon
Basal Ganglia important for?
motor control
Damaged Basal Ganglia leads to what 2 diseases?
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
Thalamic nuclei project in 3 ways:
relay sensory
relay non-sensory
project globally: arousal/sleep
what controls pituitary?
hypothalamus
what controls facial muscles and sensation?
brainstem
what controls cardiorespiratory system?
brainstem
how does the brainstem controls facial muscles and sensation?
via 10 of the 12 cranial nerves
Cranial nerves can be motor and/or sensory?
purely motor
purely sensory
mixed
CNS made up of two things:
brain
spinal cord
spinal cord connects to?
medulla
Dorsal horns mainly for?
sensory
ventral horns mainly for?
motor
spinal cord: where is grey, where is white matter?
grey in middle, surrounded by white
in brain: where is grey, where is white matter?
white in middle, surrounded by grey
spinal cord ends at what level?
L1/2
spinal nerve is formed by what two things?
dorsal and ventral roots
dorsal root ganglion is what?
collection of sensory nerve cell bodies, on axon to periphery, one to dorsal horn
do cranial nerves have ganglia?
yep, cranial nerve ganglia
3 kinds of peripheral nerves:
sensory
motor
autonomic
where is CSF made?
choroid plexus in the ventricles
where does CSF flow out of?
4th ventricle
CSF acts as what to brain?
shock absorber
3 meninges are?
Dura (thick)
Arachnoid (fibrous)
Pia (thin)
CSF fills what area in the meninges? how is it reabsorbed?
subarachnoid space
reabsorbed by veins at arachnoid granulations
Falx and Tentorium divide what?
Falx: L&R hemispheres
Tentorium: cerebellum from occipital lobe
BBB formed by what cells?
endothelial cells of capillaries
BBB of capillaries are special how? 3 reasons
lack pinocytotic transfer
very tight junctions
mostly active transport
BBB good with fat or water soluble?
Fat soluble
What is the lentiform nucleus made up of?
Putamen/Globus Pallidus
What is the striatum made up of?
caudate and putamen