PSYCH 104 Final (Motivation)

Question 1

anorexia nervosa

Answer 1

eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise

Question 2

bariatric surgery

Answer 2

type of surgery that modifies the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed

Question 3

basolateral complex

Answer 3

part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory

Question 4

binge eating disorder

Answer 4

type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating and associated distress

Question 5

bisexual

Answer 5

emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to those of the same gender or to those of another gender

Question 6

body language

Answer 6

emotional expression through body position or movement

Question 7

bulimia nervosa

Answer 7

type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

Question 8

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Answer 8

physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time

Question 9

central nucleus

Answer 9

part of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems’ activity

Question 10

cognitive-mediational theory

Answer 10

our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus

Question 11

components of emotion

Answer 11

physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience

Question 12

cultural display rule

Answer 12

one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable

Question 13

distorted body image

Answer 13

individuals view themselves as overweight even though they are not

Question 14

drive theory

Answer 14

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis

Question 15

emotion

Answer 15

subjective state of being often described as feelings

Question 16

excitement

Answer 16

phase of the sexual response cycle that involves sexual arousal

Question 17

extrinsic motivation

Answer 17

motivation that arises from external factors or rewards

Question 18

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 18

facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions

Question 19

gender dysphoria

Answer 19

diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who experience enduring distress as a result of their gender identity not aligning with their sex assigned at birth

Question 20

gender identity

Answer 20

individual’s sense of being male, female, neither of these, both of these, or another gender

Question 21

habit

Answer 21

pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage

Question 22

heterosexual

Answer 22

emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attractions to opposite-sex individuals

Question 23

hierarchy of needs

Answer 23

spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization

Question 24

instinct

Answer 24

species-specific pattern of behavior that is unlearned

Question 25

intrinsic motivation

Answer 25

motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards

Question 26

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 26

emotions arise from physiological arousal

Question 27

leptin

Answer 27

satiety hormone

Question 28

metabolic rate

Answer 28

amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time

Question 29

morbid obesity

Answer 29

adult with a BMI over 40

Question 30

motivation

Answer 30

wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal

Question 31

obese

Answer 31

adult with a BMI of 30 or higher

Question 32

orgasm

Answer 32

peak phase of the sexual response cycle associated with rhythmic muscle contractions (and ejaculation)

Question 33

overweight

Answer 33

adult with a BMI between 25 and 29.9

Question 34

plateau

Answer 34

phase of the sexual response cycle that falls between excitement and orgasm

Question 35

polygraph

Answer 35

lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions

Question 36

refractory period

Answer 36

time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm

Question 37

resolution

Answer 37

phase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state

Question 38

satiation

Answer 38

fullness; satisfaction

Question 39

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 39

emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive

Question 40

self-efficacy

Answer 40

individual’s belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task

Question 41

set point theory

Answer 41

assertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change

Question 42

sexual orientation

Answer 42

emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to other people or no people

Question 43

sexual response cycle

Answer 43

divided into 4 phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 44

transgender hormone therapy

Answer 44

use of hormones to make one’s body look more like a different sex or gender