KIN 103 Midterm (Lecture 8) Flashcards
Immunity (Definition)
IMMUNITY: the body’s ability to protect itself from:
▫ Itself.
▫ Bacteria, Viruses, & other Disease-causing
entities.
The Immune System three main functions
1) Recognize and Remove abnormal cells.
2) Remove dead and damaged cells.
3) Protects the body from disease-causing
invaders. (pathogens)
Autoimmune diseases cause?
INCORRECT RESPONSE
▫ Cannot distinguish SELF vs. NON-SELF.
▫ .e.g. Type I Diabetes.
Allergies cause?
OVERACTIVE RESPONSE.
▫ Response out of proportion with the threat of pathogen.
▫ e.g. Bee sting.
Inherited or acquired disease cause?
LACK OF RESPONSE.
▫ Some component(s) of the immune system fail to
function.
▫ e.g. HIV then AIDS
Pathogens
Pathogens: the invaders that can cause sickness
- Can be protozoal and fungi
- Can be multicellular
Bacteria
- Cells usually have a cell wall
- Most can survive and reproduce outside a host
- Most can be killed or inhibited by antibiotics
Viruses
- Not cells nucleic acid core with protein coat
- Parasitic. Must have a host cell to reproduce
- Cannot be killed with antibiotics some can be inhibited with antiviral drugs
Barriers (What are the two primary ones?)
Barriers:
▫ Physical – skin & mucous membranes.
▫ Chemical – glandular secretions & stomach acid.
Lymphoid tissues (What are they?)
- Lymphoid Tissues
▫ Primary: Thymus & Bone Marrow.
▫ Secondary:
Spleen & Lymph Nodes (encapsulated).
Tonsils & GALT (unencapsulated or diffuse).
Immune cells (What are they?)
- Immune cells
○ White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes
§ 1L of blood contains 5 trillion RBCs and 7 billion WBCs
Granulocytes (What are they?)
Granulocytes
▫ Granules in cytoplasm.
▫ Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils
Phagocytes (What are they?)
Phagocytes
▫ Engulf & ingest their target cells by
phagocytosis.
▫ Neutrophils, Macrophages, Monocytes,
Dendritic Cells
Cytotoxic Cells
Cytotoxic Cells
▫ Kill target cells.
▫ Eosinophils and some Lymphocytes.
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
▫ Present fragments of foreign proteins on
their surface.
▫ Marcophages, Monocytes, Dendritic
cells, B Lymphocytes
What are the most abundant type of WBC?
Neutrophils
Innate Immunity (What is it?)
Innate Immunity
▫ Nonspecific immune response.
▫ e.g. Inflammation.
Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity
Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity
▫ Specific immune response.
Cell-Mediated: Immune cell binds to
target.
Antibody-mediated: Antibodies are
secreted and combine to target cells.