KIN 100 Midterm (osteology) Flashcards
Osteocytes
- Osteocytes
○ Maintain bone tissue
○ Maintains the bone matrix
Osteoblasts
- Osteoblasts
○ Osteogenesis
○ Secretes organic components of matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells
- Osteoprogenitor cells
○ Stem cells
○ Its divisions produce osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
- Osteoclasts
○ Osteolysis (degeneration of bone)
○ Multinucleate cell
○ Secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve matrix
Trabeculae
Trabeculae: on the outside of the spongy bone
Canaliculi
Canaliculi: opening on surface
Endosteum
Endosteum: outside layer of bone marrow
Lamellae
Lamellae: inside of bone marrow
Periosteum
Periosteum: outside of bone
Epiphysis
Epiphysis: head of bone on top or bottom
Diaphysis
Diaphysis: shaft of bone
Metaphyses
Metaphyses: neck of bone
Periosteum
Periosteum:
- Fibrous layer
- Osteogenic layer
- Surrounds outside of bone
- Made of connective tissue
- Envelopes the joint capsule
Endosteum
Endosteum:
- Incomplete cellular layer
- Contains
○ Osteoblasts
○ Osteoprogenitor cells
○ Osteoclasts
Simple epithelia
- Simple epithelia: one layer
Stratified epithelia
- Stratified epithelia: more than one layer
Squamous epithelia
- Squamous epithelia: like a puzzle piece
Cuboid epithelia
- Cuboid epithelia: box shaped
Transitional epithelia
- Transitional epithelia: used for bladder opening
`Columnar epithelia
- Columnar epithelia: Colum shaped
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage: its Avascular (no red appearance)
Fibrous cartilage
Fibrous cartilage: withstands high compressive forces, low blood supply
Elastic cartilage
Elastic cartilage: like your ear
Arteries and Veins
They follow the same orientation as the bones of our arm
- arteries: subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> radial and ulnar -> palmar arches -> digit
- veins are no different but they go through cephalic and basilic pathways
Brachial plexus (where does it come from?)
Brachial plexus
- Comes from spinal C5 until T1
3 Nerves of arm
MMU on right arm
- (radial above these (more lateral)
- musculocutaneous
- median
- ulnar
