KIN 100 Midterm (osteology)

Question 1

Osteocytes

Answer 1

• Osteocytes
  ○ Maintain bone tissue
  ○ Maintains the bone matrix

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

• Osteoblasts
  ○ Osteogenesis
  ○ Secretes organic components of matrix

Question 3

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 3

• Osteoprogenitor cells
  ○ Stem cells
  ○ Its divisions produce osteoblasts

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

• Osteoclasts
  ○ Osteolysis (degeneration of bone)
  ○ Multinucleate cell
  ○ Secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve matrix

Question 5

Trabeculae

Answer 5

Trabeculae: on the outside of the spongy bone

Question 6

Canaliculi

Answer 6

Canaliculi: opening on surface

Question 7

Endosteum

Answer 7

Endosteum: outside layer of bone marrow

Question 8

Lamellae

Answer 8

Lamellae: inside of bone marrow

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

Periosteum: outside of bone

Question 10

Epiphysis

Answer 10

Epiphysis: head of bone on top or bottom

Question 11

Diaphysis

Answer 11

Diaphysis: shaft of bone

Question 12

Metaphyses

Answer 12

Metaphyses: neck of bone

Question 13

Periosteum

Answer 13

Periosteum:
- Fibrous layer
- Osteogenic layer
- Surrounds outside of bone
- Made of connective tissue
- Envelopes the joint capsule

Question 14

Endosteum

Answer 14

Endosteum:
- Incomplete cellular layer
- Contains
○ Osteoblasts
○ Osteoprogenitor cells
○ Osteoclasts

Question 15

Simple epithelia

Answer 15

• Simple epithelia: one layer

Question 16

Stratified epithelia

Answer 16

• Stratified epithelia: more than one layer

Question 17

Squamous epithelia

Answer 17

• Squamous epithelia: like a puzzle piece

Question 18

Cuboid epithelia

Answer 18

• Cuboid epithelia: box shaped

Question 19

Transitional epithelia

Answer 19

• Transitional epithelia: used for bladder opening

Question 20

`Columnar epithelia

Answer 20

• Columnar epithelia: Colum shaped

Question 21

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 21

Hyaline cartilage: its Avascular (no red appearance)

Question 22

Fibrous cartilage

Answer 22

Fibrous cartilage: withstands high compressive forces, low blood supply

Question 23

Elastic cartilage

Answer 23

Elastic cartilage: like your ear

Question 24

Arteries and Veins

Answer 24

They follow the same orientation as the bones of our arm
- arteries: subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> radial and ulnar -> palmar arches -> digit

• veins are no different but they go through cephalic and basilic pathways

Question 25

Brachial plexus (where does it come from?)

Answer 25

Brachial plexus
- Comes from spinal C5 until T1

Question 26

3 Nerves of arm

Answer 26

MMU on right arm
- (radial above these (more lateral)
- musculocutaneous
- median
- ulnar