KIN 102 Midterm Flashcards
Complementation
Complementation: When one part compliments another
Dualism
Dualistic: one side or the other (true/false, white/black, winning/losing, us/them)
Epistemology
Epistemology: Different ways of knowing or studying the same field
- Knowing how: practical knowledge - performance
- Knowing that: propositional knowledge - theories
- Knowing what: knowledge of abilities - results
Integrated/holistic approach
Integrated/Holistic approach: to the study of human movement involves the three domains and understands all of them
Kinesiology
Kinesiology: The study of the art and science of movement
Core values: health, wellbeing, skill development, knowledge, enjoyment
Learning domains (Affective domain)
Affective domain: includes factors such as
- motivation
- attitudes
- perceptions
- values
Learning domains (Cognitive domain)
Cognitive domain: includes factors such as
- understanding
- intellect
Learning domains (Psychomotor domain)
Psychomotor domain: includes factors such as
- motor skills
- intricate performance
- physicality
- development of physical skills
Human movement
Human movement: the change in position in time and space resulting from force developed from the expenditure of energy interacting with the environment
Stalling
Stalling: when a wrestler stops and makes it impossible for the other player to flip them and tires them out in the process
Kretchmar and Ward (Reading 1)
Kretchmar and Ward (Reading 1)
Summary:
- examines the different subdisciplines of kinesiology and how they would look at the play of stalling
- comes to the conclusion that the best way to instruct a more diverse curriculum is to have students take a more widespread range of courses
Conceptual Clarity
Conceptual Clarity: When concepts are presented in a coherent and straight forward manner to support deeper insight
Good Life
Good Life: A form of living that consists of personal fulfillment, well-being, and meaning
Experience
Experience: Knowledge, skills, and mastery of an activity that is developed through reflection, insight, meaning.
Fair play
Fair play: Winning is achieved without value if it is not done with honesty and fairness
Sound Philosophical Argument
Sound Philosophical Argument: Statements that present consistent and impartial reasons for accepting conclusions
- (they need to be consistent and impartial)
Poor arguments:
- logically inconsistent
- errors within
- biased
Reflective Scrutiny
Reflective scrutiny: Critical analysis of a position to determine if it is supported by compelling arguments and reasons that are consistent and unbiased
Ethical Questions
Ethical Questions:
- should start with “should”
What is the role of the Physical Education system?
What is the role of the Physical Education system?
- To enable K-12 students to develop the knowledge and skills needed to live an active and healthy lifestyle
Metaphysics
Metaphysics: is concerned with the nature of things
(Mind and body are separate)
Looks as movement as:
- Work
- Play
What are philosophers of kinesiology interested in?
What are philosophers of kinesiology interested in?
- What leads to a good life (good life is different for everyone)
Dualistic Interpretation
Dualistic Interpretation: Sees the mind and body as separate entities
Problems with this:
- It devalues the individual
Holistic interpretation
Holistic interpretation: The mind and body are one and therefore function as one
- intelligence is associated with the human being
- looks at personal/contextual feelings
Materialistic interpretation
Materialistic interpretation: The body is a machine
Problems with this:
- It does not consider how a person is feeling
- Everyone is treated the same because all bodies
function the same
How are values experienced?
How are values experienced?
- Intrinsically: comes from within
- Extrinsically: rewards
Axiology
Axiology: concerned about the nature of values or the good
Axiological considerations for the field of kinesiology
- Why we value physical activity
- How we value physical activity
Equality
Equality: Concerned about equal access, rights, and opportunities for all people
Aesthetics
Aesthetics: Concerned about the nature and appreciation of beauty (or) the response to experience
Considerations include:
- How a movement feels on the body
Biomechanics
Biomechanics: The application of the methods of mechanics to the study of the structure and function of the biological systems
Sport and exercise biomechanics
Sport and exercise biomechanics: Examination of the cause and effect Mechanisms of sports movements and exercises
McLaughlin (Reading 2)
McLaughlin (Reading 2)
Summary:
- Essentially an introduction to biomechanics and all of its terms
Mechanopathology
Mechanopathology: mechanics that can cause injury
- in order to help an athlete improve and prevent injury
Pathomechanics
Pathomechanics: Mechanics are a result of an injury
- Overuse or misuse of a joint can cause injury (this can be due to equipment or body position)
External and environmental factors to biomechanics
External and environmental factors to biomechanics
- Slippery floors (terrain played upon)
- Contact with opponents
- Weather conditions
(these can all be compensated for by equipment)
What relevance does biomechanics have to kinesiology?
What relevance does biomechanics have to kinesiology?
- Equipment design
- Engineering
- Rehabilitation
3 Major principles of Biomechanics (multisegment)
Two multisegment principles
- Using the correct movement pattern (1st)
- (v Generate accuracy v)
- extension
- flexion
- (v Generate velocity v)
- swing (submaximal speed)
- whip (maximal speed)
- Sequencing of joint motion (2nd)
- proximal (shoulder)
- distal (wrist)
- (when braking distal joints occur first then proximal later)
3 Major principles of Biomechanics (Biological)
Biological principle: The muscle and all its elastic components
- can only pull
- can only develop force towards the center of the
muscle tendon complex
- acts as a motor, brake, swing, or strut
9 Principles of biomechanic movement
- balance
- coordination continuum
- force motion
- force time
- inertia
- range of motion
- segmental interaction
- optimal projection
- spin
3 Major principles of Biomechanics (Mechanical)
Mechanics: The study of things that are moving
- (encompasses dynamics, kinematics, kinetics, statics and loads)
- force is positive when acceleration is occurring
- force is negative when deceleration is occurring
- Injuries can be reduced if we increase the distance
over which it is absorbed
Why are qualitative answers more important?
Why are qualitative answers more important?
- They put things into a form of which can be easily
understood by most humans
Four major tasks of qualitative analysis (Preparation)
Preparation
- Movement can be analyzed
- Critical elements/features
- Performers
- Observation site
- What to observe
- How to observe it
- Limits to our ability to observe
Four major tasks of qualitative analysis (Observation)
Observation
- 5 observations should be completed
- Who observes the task
- Different people can make different observations
- Limits on observation
- Places to stand
- Faster movements are harder to observe
- Preception
- senses
- Illusions: caused by speed of movement
- Cannot be observed with
Four major tasks of qualitative analysis (Evaluation)
Evaluation
- Analysts identify
- Strengths and weaknesses of a performer
- Make judgements about the quality of the task
- Effectiveness of achieving movement
- The efficiency or economy of the movement
- The prevention of injury
- Advantage
- Prioritize intervention (giving feedback)
Four major tasks of qualitative analysis (Remediation)
Remediation
- Provide specific feedback
- Avoid “paralysis by analysis”
- Giving too many queues
- Concise information
3 Movement Phases
- Preparation
- Prepare for performance of the skill
- Execution
- Performance of the actual movement
- Follow-Through
- All movements that occur after execution phase
Knudson (Reading 3)
Knudson (Reading 3)
Summary:
- Essentially analyzes the different principles of a jump shot from a biomechanical perspective
Why has sport and leisure become more regulated?
Why has sport and leisure become more regulated?
- To ensure safety
Pedestrianism
Pedestrianism: Watching people walk until they physically cant anymore
Why is history important to kinesiology?
Why is history important to kinesiology?
- It explains how rehabilitation has worked in the past
Historiography
Historiography: the study of historical writing
- Depends on
- perspective and preferences
- The sociohistorical timeframe is also relevant
Thinking about movement history from a traditional perspective (Purpose)
- Purpose: was focused on great events, great people,
great men. - We have now design a system of reinforcement that
teaches about the meaning behind these events and
how they can improve our future
Pierre de Coubertin
Pierre de Coubertin
- Known as the father of the modern Olympic games
- The point of him revitalizing the games was to try
and regain social hagiarchy in France
Thinking about movement history from a Socio-historic perspective (Purpose)
- Purpose: we are interested in the body and how the
body works through sport exercise and fitness - They are concerned with whose history has been
written and how to rewrite it to be better inclusive
and informative of the events that actually occurred
What is empirical material?
- Photographs: they capture a moment in time but not
about what else went on - Newspaper: can tell a lot about the setting and
timeline of an event - Artworks:
- Poems:
(v SECONDARY SOURCES v) - Documentaries
- Journals
Blair (Reading 4)
Blair (Reading 4)
Summary:
- Essentially talks about how sports have changed over the years and how the particular action of women “screening” in basketball was ineffective as they were supposed to “protect” their breasts instead of performing an effective screen
Exercise Physiology
Exercise physiology: is how the body responds and acts under physical stress
- Exercise physiology isn’t restricted to the study of
sport it includes any sort of physical activity on the
systems of the body
Sport Physiology
Sport Physiology: is the application of how the body responds to and acts under stress and the principals to improve sport performance
Acute Exercise effects
Acute Exercise effects: Increased heart rate and breathing rate are acute responses that occur when we exercise
Chronic exercise effects
Chronic exercise effects: Gradual and long term responses to exercise
What are the benefits of exercise?
It means that there is
- Less stress on the body
- Greater efficiency of the body
- Improved physical performance during exercise
and other sorts of physical activity
Why is exercise physiology essential to kinesiology?
Exercise physiology is essential to kinesiology because the knowledge and understanding we gain from its principals are useful to anyone who is a
- Coach
- An athlete
- An instructor
And it generally makes it easier to become better if we have a better understanding of what we are doing
Physical activity
Physical activity: any type of bodily movement whether it be daily tasks or exercise
ADLs
ADLs are the basic tasks individuals do as a part of their daily lives
- Using the washroom
- Eating
IADLs
IADLs are daily activities that are required to maintain your lifestyle
- Grocery shopping
- Cleaning
Exercise
Exercise: planned and structured physical activity with the explicit purpose of improving physical fitness
Responsibilities of a Professional exercise physiologist
Responsibilities of a Professional exercise physiologist
(Responsibilities can be categorized by:)
- To promote health and wellness
- Prevent illness
- Rehabilitative to restore health
- To help athletes reach their potential in sport and training
Stress/Stressors
Stress: is the bodies response to physical activity or another stressor that interferes with normal physiology
Stressors: Anxiety, physical trauma, illness, and disease
How much ATP does the body produce?
How much ATP does the body produce?
- Because the body is so efficient it only produces the
amount of energy the body actually needs rather
than going overboard
Acute physiological response
Acute physiological response: the immediate effects on the bodies systems in response to stress of an exercise
- When you jog for example your breathing and heartrate begin to increase and this is a response
- Purpose is to bring more oxygen into your lungs
while the bloodflow means that your body you get the oxygen carried there more efficiently
- The more oxygen your skeletal muscles get the more it can use ATP at a faster rate and in turn it means the body can meet energy demands much more adequately
What does exercise physiology do?
Exercise physiology:
- Explains why during exercise the breathing and heartrate increases
- The physiological mechanisms the body uses to cause these increases
- And the mechanisms the body uses to precisely match supply and demand.
Physiological training adaptations
(2nd major area of study in exercise physiology is)
- How the body responds to repeated stress through chronic physiological adaptation changes
- The body will naturally resist stress but when it becomes chronic the body wants to try and find ways to resist stress
- Stress resistance is accomplished when physiological changes within the systems allow the body to feel less stress in response to the stressor
What are the results of physiological adaptations?
As a result of these adaptations the body becomes
- More efficient
- Can perform the same amount of work with less energy
- Training adaptations can work to increase an athletes performance as well as making everyday tasks for most people easier
- More resistant to age changes as the body becomes stronger which means there is less likelihood of disease or illness occurring
Physical fitness
Physical fitness: a set of attributes that affect the ability of the systems of the body to support physical activity
What parts of our body can we improve through fitness?
Things that can be improved
- Aerobic capacity
- Body composition
- Flexibility
- Muscular endurance
- Muscle strength
Skill related components of physical fitness
Skill related components of physical fitness: The components of physical fitness that are associated with good sport and motor skill performance
What skills can we improve through physical fitness?
What skills can we improve through physical fitness?
(Skills that can be improved)
- Agility
- Balance
- Coordination
- Power reaction time
- Speed
Principal of overload (HE-ED 120)
Principal of overload: the body must be stressed to the point which is beyond what it would normally be accustomed to in order to stimulate physiological training adaptations
Principal of progression (HE-ED 120)
Principal of progression: as the body adapts to exercise the exercise intensity must be increased in order to continue to stimulate physiological training adaptations
Principal of reversibility
Principal of reversibility: when we don’t work out or exercise we lose fitness and adaptations
Areas of research in exercise physiology
Experts may look at
- Exercise testing
- Exercise training
- Bioenergetics and muscle metabolism
- Body composition
- Clinical exercise physiology
- Disease
- Environmental physiology
Golriz et al (Reading 5)
Golriz et al (Reading 5)
Summary:
- Where the load was did not change the physiological impact
- Even though it did not impact the participants felt it did
- It matters how the individual feels
- Whether its in any field related to kinesiology there are limitations taken into account
How does it relate to the wider theme of human movement
- Ignoring the participants experience of the backpack load would leave a hole in this study
- That we need to look at each sector in order to get the fullest answers to the problems at hand
