KIN 103 Midterm (Lecture 4-5)

Question 1

FVC (What is it?)

Answer 1

FVC is the maximal amount of air you can forcefully exhale after full inspiration.

Question 2

FEV1 (What is it?)

Answer 2

FEV1 is the maximal amount of air you can
forcefully exhale in one second.
- can be predicted based on age, sex, height, weight & ethnicity.

Question 3

What is a normal lung capable of?

Answer 3

• FEV1 = 3.9L
• FVC = 5.0L
• Ratio = 0.78

Question 4

What is a restrictive lung capable of?

Answer 4

FVC = 3.5 L
FEV1s = 3.2 L
Ratio = 0.91

Question 5

What is an obstructive lung capable of?

Answer 5

FVC = 4.5 L
FEV1 = 2.5 L
Ratio = 0.55

Question 6

RESTRICTIVE Lung Disease (What is it?)

Answer 6

• Disease where the volume (and potentially flow) is reduced due to a restriction in the expansion of the lung.
• Results in increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation.
• Caused by either alterations in the lung
  parenchyma or because of pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular disease.

Question 7

Pulmonary Fibrosis (What is it?)

Answer 7

• It is a disease that affects the alveoli and makes them swell and shrink reducing lung capacity

Question 8

OBSTRUCTIVE Lung Disease (What is it?)

Answer 8

• Like breathing through a straw
• Airways narrow during exhalation.
  ▫ Wheezing sound
• Reduced flow (maybe volume) during spirometry.

Question 9

Asthma (What is it?)

Answer 9

(An obstructive disease)
* Inflammatory condition characterized by
bronchoconstriction.
* Symptom: Shortness of breath (dyspnea).
* “Asthma attacks” can result from changes in temperature, humidity, and exercise.
* Treated with medication to reverse
bronchoconstriction

Question 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (What is it?)

Answer 10

• “COPD” has two components that often occur together
• Bronchitis - Airway inflammation and excess mucus decrease air flow.
• Emphysema - Destruction of the alveoli.
• Decreased amounts of oxygen delivered to the body’s tissues.

Question 11

Partial pressures of gases in blood (arterial)

Answer 11

~100 mmHg = PO2 arterial
~40 mmHg = PCO2 arterial

Question 12

Partial pressures of gases in blood (venous)

Answer 12

less than 40 mmHg PO2 venous
greater than 46 mmHg PCO2 venous

Question 13

How is most carbon dioxide transported in the lungs?

Answer 13

Bicarbonate ions

Question 14

What does tidal volume reach at max exercise compared to vital capacity?

Answer 14

▫ Tidal volume reaches max at about 60% of Vital Capacity.

Question 15

Hyperpnea (Definition)

Answer 15

Breathing to meet the metabolic demand

Question 16

Hyperventilation (Definition)

Answer 16

Breathing to alleviate acidosis

Question 17

Anaerobic Threshold (AT) (Definition)

Answer 17

The point at which our bodies start making energy anaerobically
- This results in H+ ions in the blood that are acidic
- We hyperventilate to reduce this acidosis from occuring

Question 18

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 levels as we exercise?

Answer 18

• Surprisingly they do not begin to dip or go down until we reach anerobic production at maximal intensities.

Question 19

What happens to our blood concentrations as we exercise?

Answer 19

• The curve shifts to the right
• Blood pH lowers
• More CO2
• More 2,3 DPG

Question 20

VO2 max (L/min) (In fit and unfit people)

Answer 20

Less Fit = 3.0
More Fit = 3.7

Question 21

VE max (L/min) (In fit and unfit people)

Answer 21

Less fit = 140
More fit = 165

Question 22

Pleural sack pressures (What are they?)

Answer 22

FRC (no flow) = -3 cm
Inspiration = -6 cm
Expiration = +2 cm