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Acadamic Subjects > Properties of Ionic compound, molecules, metals and alloys > Flashcards

Properties of Ionic compound, molecules, metals and alloys Flashcards

1
Q

structural properties of ionic compounds:

A
  • giant ionic crystal lattice structure
  • large number of alternating +,- ions
    held tgt by EFA
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2
Q

MP, BP of ionic compounds

A
  • mutual EFA between opp charged ions are strong
  • large amt of energy needed to overcome forces
  • tend to have very high MP and BP
    solid at room temp
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3
Q

hardness of ionic compounds

A
  • strong forces of attraction between opp charged ions are make them resistant to deforming
  • tend to be hard as the attractive forces case the ions to resist motion
  • when enough force applied, ions move away from lattice postions and ions of same charhe approach each other.
  • repulsive force between ions is now larger then attractive forces, lattice structure shatters
  • hard but brittle
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4
Q

Solubility of ionic compounds

A
  • soluble in H2O
  • insoluble in organic solvents (e.g. alcohol)
  • When ionic compounds dissolve in water we say that they are in aqueous state
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5
Q

electrical conductivity of ionic compounds

A

SOLID STATE:
ions in the lattice vibrate about in their fixed positions and are thus not mobile. cant CE

MOLTEN STATE:
- liquid state.
in molten state or aqueous state the ions are mobile and can CE

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6
Q

structural properties of SIMPLE covalent bonds

A

molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds.

BUT sre held together by weak intermolecular forces of attraction (IMFOA)

at low temp they can form lattices

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7
Q

MP and BP of SIMPLE covalent bonds

A

weak IMFOA between molecules are easily overcome by small amt of energy. low MP and BP.

some of them evaporate easily and are known as volatile. exist mostly as G or L state in room temp.

AS MOLECULES GET LARGER IMFOA GETS STRONGER AND MP AND BP IS HIGHER.

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8
Q

Solubility of of SIMPLE covalent bonds

A

insulble in water, soluble in organic solvents

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9
Q

EC of SIMPLE covalent bonds

A
  • typically exist as neutral molecules , dont have mobile charge carriers to CE.

some simple covalent substances dissosciate in water and can CE

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10
Q

General info of GIANT covalent bonds

A
  • almost always in S state
  • strong covalent bonds and IMFOA
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11
Q

Examples of GIANT covalent bonds

A

Diamond and graphite

allotropes of carbon

the diff bonding and structure of carbon allotropes affect their properties

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12
Q

Allotropes def

A

Different frosm of the same elemnt with diff structural arrangement of atoms

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12
Q

strutural prop of GIANT covalent bonds

+ graphite exception

A
  • numerous bonds holding many atoms tgt
  • very rigid and able to withstand large forces
  • graphite however,is diff coz of its layered structure. strong covalent bonds are found within the layers
  • but weak IMFOA exist between the layers. this means graphit can easily be seprated from each other but is hard to break
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13
Q

MP BP of GIANT covalent bonds

A
  • very resistant to heat due to large no. of bonds.
  • to melt giant covalent substances. large amt of energy is needed to break strong CB.
  • solid at room temp
  • very high MP BP
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13
Q

Hardness of GIANT covalent bonds

A

DIAMOND:
hard. made up of only strong CB. a large amt of energy is needed to break the structure apart.

GRAPHITE:
soft and slippery. small amt of energy needed to over weak IMFOA between layers of carbon. layers of carbon atom can slide over each other easily.

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14
Q

Solubility of GIANT covalent bonds

A

insoluble in water and organic solvents

15
Q

EC of GIANT covalent bonds

A

giant covalent structures with no mobile elctrons: Diamond and silicon dioxide doesnt CE

GRAPHITE:
each C atom is bonded to 3 other C atoms, 1 unbonded electron per C atom which is free and mobile to CE

16
Q

Diaomond, Graphite, Silicon Dioxide.
Which 2 have same properties?

A

Diamond, SD

17
Q

Graphite properties
molecular structure
hardness
MP BP
solubility
EC

A

2d layers (strong CB between C atoms. weak IMFOA between layers of C atom)
soft and slippery
high
insoluble in both
CE along layers

18
Q

Diamond and SD properties
molecular structure
hardness
MP BP
solubility
EC

A

3d networks
very hard throughout
hugh
insoluble in both
insulator

19
Q

Macromolecules and polymers

A

Polymers are macromolecules. a polymer consists of many covalent molecules joined tgt to form into chains of much larger molecules

20
Q

Structural properties of polymers

A

vary greatly in their hardness and flexibility as they exist in many arom combos.

20
Q

MP BP of polymers

A

large size - mostly solid at room temp

as polymers may be formed by molecules of a range of sizes. they dont have a fixed MP and BP.

typically soften over a range when the weak IMFOA are overcome by the molecular vibration with higher KE

21
Q

solubility of polymers

A

most macromolecules are insulble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

22
Q

EC of polymers

A

not able to CE as they dont have any mobile electrones in any state.

23
Q

what is a metallic bond exactly?

A

the mutual EFA between positively charged metal ions and the SODE

23
Q

structure of metals and alloys

A
  • giant metallic latice
  • atoms occupy fixed positions
  • evenly distributed throughout the solid
  • metals in solid state have strong metallic bond
24
Q

What is an alloy?

A

mixture of a metal with 1 or more otther elements.

25
Q

diff between pure metals and alloys

A

the irregular lattice arrangements in alloys. it leads to the diff in prop. between allouys and pure metals

26
Q

Structural prop. of metals

A
  • have a regular structure
  • enough force is applied, layers of atoms can slide over one another easily
  • can be flattened into thin sheets (malleable)
  • can be pulled without breaking (ductile)

THE SODE WILL CONTINUE TO HOLD THE METAL IONS TGT UNLESS A MUCH GREATER FORCE IS APPLIED

27
Q

Structural prop. of alloys

A
  • in alloys, the atoms are of diff sizes.
  • larger force is needed to make the layers slide over each other
  • alloys are less malleable and less ductile
  • harder and stronger
28
Q

MP BP of metals and alloys

A

metals:
- high MP BP coz atoms are held tgt in a lattice by strong metallic bond

alloys:
- alloys are mixtures
- melt over a range

good conducter of heat as delocalised valence electrons allow effient transfer of thermla energy throughout the giant metallic structure

29
Q

Ec of metals and alloys

A

the SODE found in both makes them good EC

Acadamic Subjects (35 decks)

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