Bio Term 1 Test Flashcards
Difference between Light and Electron Micrograph (4)
- LM is coloured but EM is black and white
- LM shows a 2D image while EM shows a 3D image
- LM can zoom up 1000X but EM can zoom up to 200000X
- The ultrastructure of a cell can be seen through the EM but not the LM
Organelles [Bacteria]
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Ribosome
- Flagellum (pl. Flagella)
- DNA
- cytoplasm
- plasmid
Organelles [virus]
- Protein coat
- Genetic material (DNA/RNA)
About Bacterias
- single-celled organism
- No membrane bound nucleus
- Single circular DNA
- May have small circular DNA molecules known as plasmids
- Some bacteria are pathogenic (disease causing) while others are non-pathogenic (non disease causing)
About virus
- A virus has both living and known living characteristics
- Does not have any cellular structure - cell membrane, cytoplasm, etc.
- It can reproduce, but only when it enters a living cell which acts as a host - host cell contains ribosomes, enzymes [necessary for reproduction]
Cell wall [Functions]
gives the cell shape and structure and prevents the cell from injuring (Fully permeable) - made of cellulose
Cytoplasm[Functions]
site where most cellular reactions occur
NucleusFunctions]
controls all cellular activities and contains genetic materials such as DNA
Chromatin[Functions]
composed mainly of DNA (chromatin threads condense to become chromosomes)
RER[Functions]
- Synthesises proteins (ribosomes are attached to the outer surface of the RER)
- The RER transports proteins made by ribosomes to the Golgi body fir secretion out of the cell
Ribosomes[Functions]
- Small round structures that are attached to the RER/lie freely in the cytoplasm
- Ribosomes attached to the RER → makes proteins that are usually transported out of the cell
- Ribosomes lying freely in the cytoplasm → Makes proteins that are used within the cytoplasm of the
SER[Functions]
Synthesis of substances such as fats and steroids (Sex hormones), Converts harmful substances to harmless ones through detoxification
Golgi apparatus[Functions]
Chemically modifies substances made by the ER, stores and packages these substances in vesicles to be discharged out of the cell
Vesicles fuse with GA and pinch out to carry proteins out of the cell
Mitochondria[Functions]
abt the membraen aso
Site of aerobic respiration where energy is produced in the form of ATP (double membrane bound)
Chloroplast[Functions]
Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which is essential for photosynthesis (oval structures)