Geography Coasts EQ1 Part 1

Question 1

Define coast

Answer 1

A coast is a zone where the land meets and interacts with the sea.

Question 2

The coastal environment is the
result of…

Answer 2

interactions between the land (lithosphere), water (hydrosphere), air (atmosphere) and living
things (biosphere).

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of a shore?
Closest to the sea - furthest from the sea

Answer 2

Offshore
Foreshore
Back shore

Question 2

Offshore definition

Answer 2

The submerged zone
below the low tide shoreline is offshore.

Question 3

back shore definition

Answer 3

The back shore stretches landward from the high tide shoreline to the highest water line.

Question 3

foreshore definition

Answer 3

Between the low tide and high tide shorelines is the
foreshore.

Question 4

define beach

Answer 4

The beach is a depositional feature of sand, gravel or pebbles on a wave-cut platform. The beach is not permanent.

Question 5

the 6 factors that affect the coastal environments

Answer 5

1. waves
2. tides and sea level changes
3. currents
4. geology
5. types of ecosystems
6. human activities

Question 5

what is a berm?

Answer 5

The berm is the raised part of the beach on which vegetation often grows.

Question 5

The varying of coastal environments depends on…

Answer 5

how much they affect or
are affected by natural processes and human activities.

Question 6

What is a wave ?

Answer 6

A wave is a rising and falling
movement of the water surface that is usually produced by winds blowing across the sea or ocean.

Question 7

and what are wave actions?

Answer 7

Wave action is the main shaping force of the coastal environment.

Question 8

Wind energy shaping coasts… create the link!!

Answer 8

Energy from the wind is transferred to the water and it is this wind energy that helps shape coasts when the waves hit land.

Question 9

what are tides?

Answer 9

Tides refer to the daily alternate rise and fall in the sea level.

Question 9

tides are caused by?

Answer 9

They are caused mainly by the effects
of the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the earth.

Question 9

Tides affect processes such as…

Answer 9

coastal erosion, sediment transport and sediment deposition.

Question 9

what happens during hight tides?

Answer 9

During high tides, waves reach parts of coasts that may not be subjected to wave action at low tides. Hence, at high tides, waves erode and transport more sediments away from larger parts of the coasts than at other times.

Question 10

what are currents?

Answer 10

Currents are large-scale, continuous movements of water in seas and oceans.

Question 11

Currents are caused by… and when they approach coasts…

Answer 11

a combination of
- winds,
- the Coriolis effect,
- water density and
- temperature differences in the ocean.

As the currents approach the coast, they are able to cause the movement of sediments along the coast.

Question 11

Ocean water carry waters of diff temperature to and from…

Answer 11

Ocean currents carry cool water away from the North and South Poles towards the Equator and warm water away from the Equator towards the poles.

Question 11

define geology

Answer 11

the arrangement and composition of
rock found in the area. Rocks may be arranged in layers, such as alternate layers of hard and soft rocks.

Question 12

Rock composition determines…

Answer 12

hardness of rocks and their resistance to erosion, which affects the rate of change along coasts.

Question 13

define A coastline

Answer 13

A coastline is the outline or contour of a coast. It is usually seen at the mean sea level, which is the average level between high tide and low tide levels.

Question 14

how are more resistent rocks affected by erosion?

Answer 14

More resistant rocks such as granite and basalt will erode more
slowly then less resistant rocks such as limestone and shale. Erosion hence weakens the rocks.

Question 15

what occurs in a ecosystm

Answer 15

In an ecosystem, communities of plants and animals interact with each other as well as the environment.

Question 16

hwo do people change coastliens?

Answer 16

People change coastal environments by living, trading, fishing and engaging in recreational activities, in these environments.

Question 16

Examples of coastal ecosystems

Answer 16

bays, estuaries, mangroves and coral reefs.

Question 17

what can types of ecosystems affect?
give an example

Answer 17

rate of change of coastal environments.For instance, coral reefs provide natural barriers that help slow down the speed and impacts of waves on the coastline.

Question 18

Why are coastal environments dynamic?

Answer 18

The constant influence of natural processes and human activities means that coastal environments are ever changing and dynamic.

Question 19

These rocks:
conglomerate, limestone, gypsum, marble, granite , sandstone, obsidian, scoria, quartzite, pumice, gneiss, slate, shale,

into these 3 criteria:
ingenous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Answer 19

Igneous Rocks:
- Obsidian
- Scoria
- Pumice
- Granite

Sedimentary Rocks:
- Conglomerate
- Limestone
- Shale
- Gypsum
- Sandstone

Metamorphic Rocks:
- Marble
- Gneiss
- Slate
- Quartzite