Prolgue Flashcards
Plato
Student of Socrates, concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after death, knowledge is innate-born within us
Psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Socrates
Concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after death, knowledge is innate-born within us
Aristotle
Platos student, the soul is not separable from the body, knowledge is not pre-existing
Descartes
Agreed with Socrates and Plato about the existence of pre-existing ideas and the mind being “entirely distinct from the body”
Francis bacon
One of the founders of modern science. His influence lingers in today’s psychological science. Scientific method
John Locke
British political philosopher-mind at birth is a blank slate. Wrote the essay “an essay concerning human understanding”
Empiricism
The view of knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation
Wilhelm Wundt
Middle age professor, created an experimental apparatus. Measured the time lag between people’s hearings ball hit a platform and their pressing a telegraph key (reaction speed). Wanted to measure “atoms of the mind”
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
Edward titchener
Introduced structuralism, testing peoples ability to test basic items with their senses
Introspection
Looking inward
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function. How they enable the organism to adapt survive and flourish
William James
Encouraged explorations of down to earth emotions, memories, will power, habits and moment-moment consciousness
Mary calkins
APA first female president. Tutored by William James, out scored all males on exams, Harvard denied her degree, offering her a degree from Radcliffe, she denied the degree
Margret Floy Washburn
Wrote “the animal mind” 2nd female APA president in 1921. 2nd lady to get ph.D and actually received the degree
Humanistic psychology
Emphasized the growth/importance of current environmental influences on our growth potential and the importance of meeting our needs for loves and acceptance
Nature-nurture issue
Different views from biology to psychological to social-culture for analyzing any given phenomenon
Natural selection
Nature selects those that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Levels of analysis
Looking at the different biological levels of an organism
Evolutionary perspective
How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes
Behavior genetic perspective
Study how heredity and experience influence our individual difference in temperament
Neuroscience perspective
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
Psychodynamic perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral perspective
How we learn observable responses
Cognitive perspective
How we encode, process, store and retrieve information
Social cultural perspective
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Basic research
Builds on psychologys knowledge base
Applied research
Studies that aim to solve practical problems
Biological psychologists
Exploring the links between brain and mind
Development psychologists
Studying our changing abilities from womb-tomb
Cognitive psychologists
Experimenting with how we perceive, think and solve problems
Personality psychologists
Investigating our persistent traits
Social psychologists
Exploring how we view and affect one another
Counseling psychology
Assists people with problems in living (school, work, marriage)
Clinical psychology
Studied, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatment as we’ll as psychological therapy
