Chapter 2-1st Half

Question 0

Biological psychology

Answer 0

Concerned with the links between biology and behavior

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

Theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

A nerve cell, basic building blocks of the nervous system

Question 3

Dendrite

Answer 3

The bushy, branching extension of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses, “good listener”

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Extension of a neuron, ending in branching fibers through which messages pass to other neurons. “Speak”

Question 5

Myelin sheath

Answer 5

A layer of fatty tissue around fibers to speed up impulses

Question 6

Action potential

Answer 6

A neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Question 7

Threshold

Answer 7

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite/cell body of the receiving neuron “gap”

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

Chemical messenger that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons

Question 10

Ach

Answer 10

Neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and triggers muscle contraction

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

Influences movement, learning, attention and emotion

Question 12

Serotonin

Answer 12

Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal “happy”

Question 13

Endorphins

Answer 13

“Morphine within” natural, transmitter linked to pain control and to pleasure

Question 14

Nervous system

Answer 14

The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

Question 15

Central nervous system

Answer 15

The brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 16

Sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 17

Nerves

Answer 17

Neural “cables” containing many axons. Connect the central nerves

Question 18

Sensory neurons

Answer 18

Neurons that carry incoming info from the sense receptors to the central nervous system

Question 19

Motor neurons

Answer 19

Neurons that carry outgoing info from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

Question 20

Interneurons

Answer 20

Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Question 21

Somatic nervous system

Answer 21

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles “skeletal nervous system”

Question 22

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 22

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs

Question 23

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

Division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

Question 24

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 25

Reflex

Answer 25

A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus such as the knee jerk response

Question 26

Lesions

Answer 26

Tissue destruction

Question 27

Neural networks

Answer 27

Interconnected neural cells

Question 28

Endocrine system

Answer 28

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system, set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 29

Hormones

Answer 29

Chemical messengers mostly made by the endocrine glands that are produced in one tissue and affect another

Question 30

Adrenal glands

Answer 30

Pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys help arouse the body in times of stress

Question 31

Pituitary glands

Answer 31

Endocrine systems most influential glands. Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

Amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface

Question 33

PET scan

Answer 33

Visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form a glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

Question 34

MRI

Answer 34

Allows is to see structures within the brain

Question 35

FMRI

Answer 35

Show brain functions, revealing blood flow