Chapter 9-1st Half Flashcards
Flashbulb memory
Clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Memory
Persistence of learning through storage and retrieval of info
Encoding
Processing of info into the memory system
Storage
Retention of encoded info over time
Retrieval
Process of getting info out of memory storage
Sensory memory
Immediate very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system
Short term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as remembering a phone number before dialing it
Long term memory
Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Working memory
Newer understanding of info retrieved from long term memory
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information (time, space)
Effort full processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Rehearsal
Conscious repetition of information
Spacing effect
Tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Serial position effect
Tendency to recall best first and last items in a list
Visual encoding
Encoding a picture
Acoustic encoding
Encoding of sounds (words)
Semantic encoding
Encoding of meaning (meaning of words)
Imagery
Mental pictures
Mnemonic devices
Memory aid, organized devices
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar manageable units
Hierarchies
Organizing a few broad concepts by dividing and subdividing the. Into marrow we concepts and facts
Self-reference effect
Finding personal meaning
Ebbinghaus
As rehearsal increases-relearning time decreases
Rosy retrospection
People recall events more positively than they evaluated the, at the time they occurred. Glass half full
Method of loci
Walking through a series of places while making associations of information with specific places
