Chapter 6 Flashcards
Selective attention
Focusing consciously on a particular stimulus
Perception
How we organize and interpret sensory information
Cocktail party effect
Ability to attend to only one voice amount many
Inattentional blindness
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Change blindness
After a brief visual interruption- you fail to notice changes in your visual field
Change deafness
The failure to notice slight changes in our auditory field
Choice blindness
The failure to notice our selection of a particular stimulus has changed
Choice blindness-blindness
Exhibiting denial (blindness) to falling victim to a hypothetical experiment
Pop-out phenomenon
Strikingly distinct stimulus demand attention, we don’t choose to look at it, it pulls our attention to it
Visual capture
The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
Illusion
A perception, as of visual stimuli (optical illusion) the represents what is perceived in a way different from reality
Gestalt
An organized group/ whole; integrating info into a whole
Figure-ground
Organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand kit from their surroundings (ground)
Grouping
Organizing stimuli into coherent groups
Proximity
Grouping near by figures together. Seeing 3 groups of 2 lines not a whole group of six
Similarity
Grouping together figures that are similar to each other
Continuity
We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous or broken down ones
Connectedness
Having things in a line look connected
Closure
Filling in gaps to create a complete, whole object
Depth perception
Ability to see objects in 3d - allows us go judge distance
Visual cliff
Devise for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
Binocular cues
Depth cues that depend on the use of both eyes
Retinal disparity
Binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from both eyes and the brain computes distance
Convergence
Binocular cues for perceiving depth by which the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object
Monocular cues
Depth cues, interposition/linear perspective, available to either eye alone
Relative size
Assuming 2 objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as father away
Interposition
If two objects partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer
Relative clarity
We perceive hazy objects as farther away and the sharp or clear objects
Texture gradient
A gradual change from coarse distinct texture to a fine Indistinct texture signals increasing distance
Relative height
We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as father away
Relative motion
As we move, objects that are actually stable May appear to move. Riding a bus, look at a house it seems to move backwards
Linear perspective
Parallel lines appear to converge with distance
Light and shadow
Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes. Given 2 identical objects, the dimmer one will seem father away
Phi phenomenon
Illusion of movement created when when 2+ adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
Stroboscopic movement
The brain will perceive continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images
Perceptual adaptation
In vision, ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Perceptual constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change
Perceptual set
A mental predisposition to perceive one think and not another
Human factors psychologists
Explores how people /machines interact and hoe machines and physical environments can be made safe and ready to use
Extra sensory perception
Controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input
Parapsychology
Study of paranormal phenomena
