Chapter 5 Flashcards
Perception
Process of organizing & interpreting sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects& events
Sensation
The process by which our sensory receptors & nervous system receive & represent stimulus energies from our environment
Bottom-up processing
Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors & works up to the brains integration of sensory info
Top-down processing
Info processing guided by higher level mental processes through experience/expectations
Prosopagnosia
Complete sensation but incomplete perception, can’t recognize faces, no top down process
Psychophysics
Study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli (intensity) and psychological experience of them
Absolute threshold
Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
Signal detection theory
Theory predicting how/when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus “signal” background stimulation “noise”
Subliminal
Below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness
Influences our behavior but doesn’t change it
Priming
The activation, of certain associations, predisposing ones perception, memory or responses
Difference threshold
The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
Webers law
The principle that, to be perceived as difference, 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)
Sensory adaptation
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
Transduction
Conversion of one form of energy into another/ encode physical energy as neural signals
Wavelength
Distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
Hue
Dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color name (blue,green)
Intensity
Amount if energy in a light/sound wave, which we perceive as brightness/loudness as determined by the waves amplitude
Pupil
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
Iris
A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil & controls the size of the pupil opening
Lens
Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
Accommodation
Process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina