Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

Over confidence

A

Tendency to be more confident than correct-to over estimate that accuracy of ones belief/judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Hindsight bias

A

Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it (I knew it all along)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Critical thinking

A

Smart thinking; examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Scientific method

A

Self-correcting process for asking questions and observing natures answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Theory

A

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events, simplifies things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable prediction, often implied by a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Operational definitions

A

A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. Allows us to MEASURE variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Replicate

A

Repeating the essence of a research study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Case study

A

Psychologists study one individual in depth in hope if revealing things true of us all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Survey

A

Asks people to report their behavior/opinions/attitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

False consensus effect

A

Tendency to over estimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Population

A

All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study. Group of people, used as samples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Random sample

A

A sample that fairly represents a population; each member has an EQUAL opportunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Naturalistic observations

A

Observing/recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Correlate

A

A measure of which 2 factors vary together and how we’ll either factor PREDICTS the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scatter plots

A

Graphed cluster of dots. Each dot represents the value of 2 variables

16
Q

Illusory correlation

A

The perception of a relationship where none exist. Thinking a relationship exist when it doesn’t

17
Q

Experiment

A

Manipulates one or more factors (independent) to observe a behavior or mental process (dependent)

18
Q

Double blind procedure

A

An experimental procedure where neither the research participant and research staff are blind about whether the participant have received the treatment or placebo

19
Q

Placebo effect

A

Experimental results caused by expectations alone. Acting like you took a medicine but didn’t

20
Q

Experimental condition

A

Exposes participants to the treatment, one version of the independent variable

21
Q

Control condition

A

Contrasts the experimental control; serves as a comparison

22
Q

Random assignment

A

Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance minimizing pre existing differences between those assigned to the different groups

23
Q

Independent variable

A

Experimental factor that is manipulated , variable whose effect is being studied

24
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable that May change in response to manipulate of independent variable

25
Q

Wording effect

A

The different way of saying things to change people’s way of thinking

26
Q

Representative

A

A sample that fairly reflects the population being studied

27
Q

Non representative

A

A sample that unfairly reflects the population being studied

28
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Statistical measure of a relationship, closest to 1

29
Q

Mode

A

Most frequently occurring number

30
Q

Mean

A

Arithmetic average

31
Q

Median

A

Middle number in the line up

32
Q

Range

A

Difference between highest and lowest number

33
Q

Standard deviation

A

How much scores vary around the mean

34
Q

Statistical significance

A

Statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

35
Q

Culture

A

Behaviors, ideas, traditions that are shared by a large group of people and past on from generation to generation

36
Q

Experimenter bias

A

The unconscious tendency for researchers to change their data to increase the chance if confirming their hypothesis