Chapter 12

Question 0

Instinct

Answer 0

Complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 2

Physiological need creates and aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

Tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state (regulation of body chemistry)

Question 4

Incentives

Answer 4

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 5

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

Pyramid of human needs, beginning with physiological needs up to safety and self-wants

• self-actualization needs
• esteem needs
• belongingness and love needs
• safety needs
• physiological needs

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

Sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissue

Question 7

Set point

Answer 7

Point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

Question 8

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 8

Body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 9

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 9

Eating disorder where one diets and fasts and becomes significantly under weight

Question 10

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 10

Eating disorder where one over eats and then vomits it all back up

Question 11

Sexual response cycle

Answer 11

4 stages of sexual responding
1. Excitement
2. Plateau 
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution
Masters and Johnson

Question 12

Refractory period

Answer 12

Resting period after an orgasm, during which a man can’t achieve another orgasm

Question 13

Sexual disorder

Answer 13

Problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Question 14

Estrogen

Answer 14

Sex hormone, mainly in females

Question 15

Testosterone

Answer 15

Most important sex hormone. Additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs

Question 16

Sexual orientation

Answer 16

Enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex or the other sex

Question 17

Flow

Answer 17

Focused state of consciousness with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills

Question 18

Industrial-organizational psychology (I/O psychology)

Answer 18

Application of psychology concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in work places

Question 19

Personnel psychology

Answer 19

Subfield of I/O psychology, that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal and development

Question 20

Organizational psychology

Answer 20

Sub field of I/O psychology, that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction

Question 21

Structured interview

Answer 21

Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants

Question 22

Achievement motivation

Answer 22

A desire for significant accomplishment

Question 23

Task leadership

Answer 23

Goal-orientated leadership that sets standards, organizes work and focuses attention on goals

Question 24

Social leadership

Answer 24

Group oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict and others support

Question 25

Optimal arousal theory

Answer 25

Not all behaviors reduce immediate physiological needs or tension states. Helps explain the motivation for these behaviors.

Question 26

Alfred Kinsey

Answer 26

“Father of sexual revolution” did scientific studies of human sexuality

Question 27

Halo error

Answer 27

When traits like friendliness overshadows actual performance

Question 28

Leniency and severity errors

Answer 28

The evaluators tendencies to be either too easy or too harsh