Chapter 10

Question 0

Concepts

Answer 0

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Question 2

Prototypes

Answer 2

Mental image or best example of a category

Question 3

Algorithm

Answer 3

Step by step procedure that always works

Question 4

Heuristic

Answer 4

Mental short cuts, not guaranteed a solution

Question 5

Insight

Answer 5

All of the sudden the answer comes to you which provides a sense of satisfaction

Question 6

Confirmation bias

Answer 6

Tendency to search for info that confirms ones preconceptions

Question 7

Fixation

Answer 7

Inability to see a problem form a new perspective

Question 8

Mental set

Answer 8

Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Question 9

Functional fixedness

Answer 9

Inability to solve a problem because it is views only in terms of usual functions

Question 10

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 10

To judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they represent particular prototypes

Question 11

Availability heuristic

Answer 11

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Question 12

Overconfidence

Answer 12

The tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 13

Framing

Answer 13

The way an issue is posed (wording effect)

Question 14

Belief bias

Answer 14

Tendency for ones preexisting belief to distort logical reasoning

Question 15

Belief perseverance

Answer 15

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

Our spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Question 17

Phoneme

Answer 17

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 18

Morpheme

Answer 18

In language, the smallest unit that carries meaning (prefix)

Question 19

Grammer

Answer 19

System of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Question 20

Semantics

Answer 20

Set of rules by which we derive meaning fro, morphemes, words and sentences in a given language

Question 21

Syntax

Answer 21

Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Question 22

Babbling stage

Answer 22

4 months old, speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to be household language

Question 23

One word stage

Answer 23

1-2 yrs old. Child speaks mostly in single words

Question 24

Two word stage

Answer 24

2 yrs old. Child speaks mostly in 2 word statements

Question 25

Telegraphic speech

Answer 25

Early speech stage in which a child speaks using mostly nouns and verbs “go car”

Question 26

Linguistic determinism

Answer 26

Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think

Question 27

Creativity

Answer 27

The ability to think in original ways and come up with the unique solutions to problems

Question 28

Chomsky

Answer 28

Believed that language will naturally occur, father of linguistic