Project Coordination Procedures and Roles - Part I Flashcards
An owner must play the most important role during the _______ period.
pre-bid
At a pre-bid conference, the designer, owner, architect, consultants, and bidders will gather together, so that the ____________________________.
bidders can ask questions, and the designer and owner can emphasize the important features of the project.
The owner retains the right to reject any and all bids, specifically any ____________ bids, or bids _____________________________.
incomplete,
which are not accompanied by the required bid bond or other documentation
In situations where ___________________ and the owner-designer agreement ___________________, the owner can do four things: re-bid; authorize an increase in the construction cost; revise the scope of the project to reduce the cost, or abandon the project.
all of the bids exceed the project budget; limits construction costs
There are a few different ways to set an _______ budget.
initial
One way is for the client to _____________________ and provide this information to the designer.
estimate the amount of money available
This estimation method may require some back-and-forth negotiation between designer and client; for instance, ______________________.
if the client has unrealistic expectations regarding the cost of the desired work
In some other cases, a budget will be set by _______ funding or ___________. This is typical of ___________ projects.
public,
legislation
municipal
Describe the final scenario to set an initial budget.
The client describes the scope of the work, and asks the designer to anticipate the budget.
List eight factors that influence, the overall cost of an interior design project.
Construction costs
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
Contractors overhead and profit
Professional fees
Taxes
Moving costs
Telephone and data installation
Contingencies
Construction costs
All the money required to build or remodel the interior; including demolition, partitions, ceilings, millwork finishes, plumbing, electrical and mechanical work.
What comprises a large portion of the overall budget?
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
List the breakdown of a Contractors overhead and the percentage of profit a contractor is likely to make.
Overhead be divided into:
- General overhead - cost of running a contracting business
- Project overhead - cost of completing a specific job, not including labor, materials or equipment
- Total overhead - between 10 and 20% of the total cost for labor, materials, or equipment
The contractor is likely to make from 5 to 15% profit on an interior construction project.
Professional fees
All of the money that must be paid to inspectors, appraisers, and other specialists.
The applicable level of ______ may change, depending on the location of the project.
taxes
Moving costs: depending on the distances involved, these can be ____________; an interior designer may need to consult with _______________.
quite high;
moving specialist
Telephone and data system installation: the ________ costs of the services can be obtained from the ____________________.
precise,
relevant service providers
There will always be unforeseen change, requests by the client, designer or contractors, or other unforeseen conditions, which add to the total cost of the job. What is this called?
Contingencies
Contingencies are usually calculated as between ____ and ____% of the ______ budget
5%
10%
total
What are the three methods the interior designers usually use to estimate cost?
By square footage
By parameter
By detailed quantity takeoffs
By square footage: this is usually the first cost estimate performed. When is this cost estimate typically done?
Calculated by ___________ the _________________ of the project by the ________________.
before the design work has started
multiplying
anticipated square footage
cost per square foot
By ___________: Requires a full scale (climb) at a position of construction ___________ and _____________ and an assignment of unit cost to these quantities;
parameter;
quantities and furnishings;
This type of budget can be refined as the work progresses; with this method, designers and clients can incorporate budget considerations into the ongoing decision-making process.
By detail quantity take offs: the most precise method of cost calculation developed by ____________________, and ___________ these quantities by ____________;
counting precise quantities of materials and furnishings;
multiplying;
quoted cost
This method of cost calculation cannot be performed until late in the design and construction document phase.
After an interior designer has selected the appropriate _______ _______ for a project, he or she needs to ______________________.
design details;
work in consultation with the clients to develop and design a plan that stays within the budget while meeting the aesthetic needs and desires of the client
This process centers around the process of _________, that is determining exactly how the various proposed __________ in a design scheme will look together.
detailing;
elements
In order to succeed in this process, a designer needs to consider whether each element in the design scheme is _____________, ____________ _______, and _____________ appropriate.
functional, structurally sound, and aesthetically
Once these criteria have been met, the designer will need to determine whether each design element fits within ________________.
the project budget
Programming process begins by __________ the __________.
defining the problem
The designer then develops a specific _____________________ and ___________ of the client.
definition of the goals and objectives
What might the preliminary period (programming) may involve
analysis of the existing structure;
aesthetic and space considerations for the project;
adjacency requirements;
code restrictions;
scheduling limitations;
budget demands;
During the programming process, all the information required to perform a project is ________ and subjected to ____________________.
collected
a rigorous analysis
An interior designer will need to cooperate with the ________ and possibly with ____________ during this period.
owner
consultants
Many interior designers, examine _______________________ to generate ideas and discover limitations.
records of past projects
During the programming process, a designer will be concerned, mainly with ______, _________, ___________, and ______.
form, function, economy, and time
________ is the consideration of the existing conditions, both _________, and _____________, in the building; as well as the potential quality of construction.
Form
physical and psychological
Function is the consideration of the ________ and __________ to be housed within the space.
people and activities
Economy is the consideration of available ________.
money
A designer will need to understand what the owner can ________ and what ________ ___________ will be possible.
afford and what payment schedule
Time is the consideration of the duration __________ for _______ ______.
available for design work
An interior designer begins a project by executing the basic _____________ protocol.
programming
What are the five steps in the program in process?
Establish goals
Collect facts
Uncover concepts
Determine needs
State the problem
What requirements/facts are collected during programming?
number of people
space adjacencies
user characteristics
equipment to be housed
expected growth rate
budget and building codes
During the programming process, the designer is trying to develop abstract ideas that provide solutions to the problems of the client without necessarily ________________________.
defining the physical means that will be required to solve these problems
During the phase of programming in which the designer is determining the needs of the client, the designer should take care to balance the _______________ with the ___________ __________.
desires of the client with the available budget.
If the budget is not already established, the designer should _________________ on the basis of the defined ______ or _______.
develop it with the client
goals or needs
It may be necessary to ___________ the goals of the client.
prioritize
A program format is a statement of goals and objectives: for instance, __________________________.
the number of people who will be in a space, the activities that will be performed in a space, etc.
A program format may include specific _______ of spaces and their requisite (a thing that is necessary) _______ ___________.
tallies
square footage
Note that the program format does not indicate whether it will be possible to meet the __________________.
desires of the client
Indeed, the next phase of the programming process requires the designer to list _________________ to satisfactory completion of the project. In order for this phase to be effective, the client must be _______ ________ with the designer.
all of the potential obstacles
totally honest
A programmatic concept is a performance requisite that a designer must satisfy in order to ____________________.
solve a problem of design
Programmatic concepts should suggest the __________ means of achieving their goals of the project.
physical
A design concept, meanwhile, is the _________ _________ used to accomplish the programmatic concept.
particular strategy
Stop here to review the deck of programmatic concepts.
What information does a designer need to have in order to effectively program?
client objectives; user requirements; activity requirements; furnishings and equipment, adjacencies; space requirements; allotted time; and budget.
There are a few ways to acquire this information. During the programming process, designers will engage in a bit of _____________ _____________ in order to determine the appropriate characteristics of the proposed space.
behavior observation
However, behavior observation is not a fool proof method of _________ ___________.
gathering information
For one thing, behavioral observation is unable to attribute _______ for the behavior that is observed.
causes
Finally, behavioral observation is difficult to ______________; that is, the behavior exhibited during a particular period of time may not be _______________.
extrapolate
representative
What are the four primary methods of obtaining information that designers will use during the programming process?
Client interviews
Questionnaires
Observation
Field surveys
Client interviews: an opportunity for the designer to deliver structured and specific ___________, to clarify ambiguous areas, and to explore the _______ and areas of the client.
questions
needs
Questionnaires: A written form consisting of a ____ of _______ questions.
list of standard
______________: A reliable method of gathering information, though ___________ taken during a very brief period should not be extrapolated too broadly; best used in combination with interviews and questionnaires.
Observation
observations
Field surveys: Performed to determine the _____ and ___________ of the building, the existence of built-in structures, the location of non-bearing walls, the locations and sizes of doors, windows and outlets, as well as the current _________ and __________ _________.
size
arrangement
plumbing
lighting fixtures
Field surveys can also be performed to determine ________ conditions, potential ______ problems, and any hazardous materials present in the building or space.
ceiling
noise
During the programming process, an interior designer will often have to re-search the design requirements for the __________ and ____________ proposed for development in a space.
structures
furnishings
Product information can be obtained from a number of different sources, but designers typically look for it in _________________________________.
product, catalogs, manufacturers website, trade association publications, documents produced by the representatives of the manufacturer, and in the Sweets catalog
During the early phases of ____________, a designer is likely to spend a great deal of time perusing catalogs and browsing showrooms.
programming
Once he or she has a more refined idea of what will be required for the project, ____________, _____________, and ______________ will be able to provide a more detailed description of products.
manufacturers, representatives, and consultants
One of the most important tasks an interior designer has to perform during the programming process is the prediction of how much ___________________.
space will be required
When making this assessment, the two most important pieces of data are the required _____ and the ___________ in the structure.
area
adjacencies
There are a few different ways to calculate the required area in a structure. One is to multiply the area for one person by the total number of __________________.
people in the area
This assumes that every person will need ___________________________.
roughly the same amount of space
When this method is inappropriate, the amount of space can be determined by the amount of ____________ that will fill the space or by the ___________________________.
equipment
activity that will be performed in the space
A tennis court for instance, requires a great deal more _______ for two people than it does a set of office cubicles.
space
Stop here to review the terms that are used to describe the space considerations in a proposed project.
A programming report will need to include the following information.
Title page;
introduction;
executive summary;
explanation of report, goals and objectives;
summary of space needs;
space adjacency requirements;
code requirements;
analysis of existing space;
budget and schedule requirements; program and concepts;
and appendices.
The summary of space needs will include existing staff and staff ___________; ___________ analysis; equipment needs; and tabulation of space needs with _______________.
projections;
workflow
circulation
What kind of diagrams and matrices will the space adjacency section include?
adjacency matrices, bubble diagrams, and for multi-story projects, stacking diagrams
The analysis of existing space will include architectural space configurations and __________, ____________, __________, and _______ requirements.
structural, mechanical, electrical and safety
The ____________ often include detailed space needs tabulation, inventory of existing furniture, and information about any other surveys.
appendices
Interior designers present their ______________ reports in a number of ways, depending on their own preferences, the preferences of the client and the prevailing circumstances.
programming
In general, programming reports are presented in ________ ______ during a personal meeting, by ____________ or ________________.
written form
teleconference
over the Internet
When dealing with a small scale project, or with a client who is relatively new to the experience of working with an interior designer, it is recommended to deliver the programming report ______________, so that the client ________________________.
in person;
will have a chance to look over it in the presence of the author, and ask any questions that immediately come to mind
On the other hand, a more experienced or large scale client, such as a huge real estate developer, may not feel the need to ________________________.
sit through a programming report presentation from a designer with whom the client works frequently
During the programming process, the interior designer needs to provide a clear illustration of the _______ ____________ he or she envisions.
space relationships
The three most common diagrams used for this purpose are ____________________________.
the adjacency matrix,
the bubble diagram,
and the stacking diagram.
Whichever of these graphical representation is used the important principle is that _____________________________.
the client gains a sense of how the various rooms and separated spaces will connect to one another.
Furthermore, the interior designer needs to indicate where __________ will be housed, and where _____________________ will be located.
equipment,
the inner workings of the building
An interior designer has to function as a de facto (whether by right or not) project ________ during the ____________ phase of a design project.
manager,
construction
A project manager is charged with coordinating the __________________, from its __________ to _______________________.
entire process of a given job,
initiation,
the final move-in and post-occupancy evaluations
Project management involves ____________; ____________; _____________ and _____________; documenting and executing a project.
planning
monitoring
coordinating and directing
Project management will take up the majority of the designers time after ______________________, and _______________________.
design elements have been selected
contracts have been drawn up and approved
In order to function effectively as a project manager, an interior designer needs to cultivate good relationships with ____________, ___________, and ______________________.
contractors, vendors, and construction employees
Two of the most important components of project management are __________ and _____________ the project.
planning and monitoring
Planning essentially means setting requirements in three main areas. What are they?
Time, budget, and quality
_______ planning is the process of scheduling the work that will be required and making sure there is enough _________ and ____________ to complete the work.
Time
money and manpower
Fee projection is the process of taking the entire fee the designer will receive, and allocating it to the ________ and ______ members who will work on the project, deducting the amounts for _________, __________, and any other necessary expenses.
schedule and staff
profit
overhead
Quality planning is the process of determining, in consultation with the clients, the expectations involving ________, _______, and any other pertinent aspects of the project.
design
cost
Monitoring is the ongoing process of keeping track of job progress to make sure it is on track with respect to _______, ________, and __________.
time, cost and quality
An interior designer has to function as a construction project manager during the course of a project. The project manager will coordinate the activities of the _______________________________.
design firm, consultants, client, building code officials, and firm management.
The _________ _________ may be responsible for directing the activities of these people ______(when?)_______, in order to maintain progress on the job.
project manager,
on a daily basis
It is important that a project manager maintain ________________________, both in case of ______ _________, and to provide ______________________.
comprehensive records of everything that is done on a project,
legal trouble,
a record for use on future jobs
As for execution, this is simply helping in any way possible to make sure that the project moves on _________ and _________ towards completion.
steadily and inexorably (in a way that was impossible to prevent)
While construction is going on, an interior designer needs to keep tabs on the _________ and the ________ of the construction.
progress,
quality
The interior designer may be required to act as a liaison between the __________ and the ________, specifically ____________________________.
contractor,
owner,
warning the owner about any problems in construction
At all times, the interior designer is to use the _________ ___________ as his or her standard for observations.
contract documents
When the work of a contractor is found to be inadequate, the interior designer is required to ___________________________.
notify the owner immediately
An interior designer should be capable of composing _________________________ to back up his or her claims.
accurate and detailed field reports
Interior designers need to know how to handle submittals during the construction phase of a project. Submittals are composed of _______ ____________, ___________, and __________ ______.
Shop drawings, samples and product data
Submittals are not considered to be _________ ______________.
contract documents
Submittals are prepared by _______________ and ________ ____________, who then send them on to the _________ ___________ to be reviewed and approved.
subcontractors,
material suppliers
general contractor
The review process includes verification of ______ ____________ in coordination with materials and construction criteria.
field measurements
After the general contractor has approved submittals they are sent on to the __________.
designer
The designer will review submittals only for the limited purpose of _______________________.
making sure they conform with contract documents
In other words, the designer is not responsible for the _____________________, ____________, and for ____________________________.
accuracy of measurements, quantities, and for making sure installation and fabrication are accomplished effectively
Some designers will forward ____________ to the appropriate _____________ to be reviewed.
submittals,
consultants
The designer may ask for ______________ or _________________ to the submittals before they are executed.
corrections or changes to be made
Interior designers need to know how to handle _______ that are made during the construction phase of a design project.
claims
The two most common varieties of construction claims are claims for additional ______ and claims for ___________ or _________ conditions.
time
concealed or unknown
Claims are first sent to the ________ __________, who will make a recommendation and refer the matter to the __________.
interior designer
owner
Occasionally, a contractor or owner will make a _______, which is a demand for ________ or extra ______, or any other modification to the original terms of the contract.
claim,
money,
time
An interior designer can ______ _______ that does not meet the standards set forth in the contract documents.
reject work
On occasion, an interior designer may need to assist the owner during a process of ___________ or _____________.
mediation,
arbitration
These techniques are necessary when a ________ cannot be resolved by the _________ __________.
claim
interior designer
In the process of ___________, a neutral third-party helps develop a non-binding agreement between the disputants.
mediation
In the process of ___________, a neutral third-party renders a binding decision after hearing both arguments.
arbitration
In other words, the disputing parties are not required to except the verdict of a _________, but are required to abide by the verdict of an __________.
mediator,
arbitrator
What are the factors that an interior designer is not responsible for during the administration of a contract?
(In other words, what are others responsible for?)
Safety on the job site;
Means, methods or techniques of construction;
Creation, shipment, and installation of construction elements, or furnishings;
Acts or omissions of contractors, subcontractors, or suppliers; terminating work when problems arise, and receipt, inspection, and acceptance of furniture, or fixtures;
Interior designers may be required at times to complete the written order, known as a ____________ _________ __________, which requests that the contractor make a change before modifications are made to the contract terms related to cost and/or time.
construction change directive
During the construction phase of the design project, an interior designer is responsible for some aspects of ________ _____________.
field administration
Field administration refers essentially to the responsibility of the designer to __________________________ regularly to ensure that _________________ is in accordance with the contract documents.
visit the project site,
the work being done
The designer is responsible for keeping the owner ____________ of the ___________ and __________ of the work through his or her field reports.
informed
progress
quality
The designer is expected to be an ___________ ________, so that he or she can provide objective judgments on claims with disputes between the contractor and the owner.
impartial judge
