Chapter 13 - Mechanical and Electrical Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical systems include:

A

heating, cooler, plumbing, and fire protection

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2
Q

Electrical systems include

A

power, lighting, telephone, and other communication systems

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3
Q

The two primary methods of heating and cooling systems are:

A
  1. Air
  2. Water
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4
Q

All air systems cool or heat spaces by _________

A

conditioned air alone heat is transported to the space with supply and return air ducts

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5
Q

Common example of an all-air system?

A

residential forced-hot-air-furnace
return ducts collect the cooled air and return it to the furnace for reheating

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6
Q

For commercial buildings, there are several variations of systems, including Variable Air Volume (VAV), high-velocity dual duct, constant volume and reheat, and multizone systems. All types require ______, _____, and _____ in all spaces.

A

supply air ductwork, registers, and return air grilles

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7
Q

Registers are connected to the supply air ductwork and can be adjusted to ____________ and ____________

A
  • control the direction of air flow - control the volume of air coming through them
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8
Q

If fire-rated partitions extend above the suspended ceilings, then ____ and ____ must be provided.

A

supply air ducts and openings for return air

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9
Q

At locations where the fire wall is penetrated, fire dampers are required. What do these do?

A

they automatically close in the even of a fire

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10
Q

All-water heating systems use ______

A

a coil unit called a CONVECTOR in each space through which hot water is circulated. the hot water heats the fins of the coil unit, and air is heated as it is drawn over the fins. Air may be circulated by CONVECTION

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11
Q

What are terminal reheat systems?

A

combination systems that use ductwork for supplying fresh air but use water to heat or cool the air before it is introduced into the conditioned space

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12
Q

In residential construction, small ducts and plumbing pipes run ________.

A

within the walls and floor joists

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13
Q

In commercial construction, horizontal ducts are normally run _________ and vertical ducts are normally run ___________.

A

in the plenum within their own chases

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14
Q

A _________ is an enclosed vertical space used only to accommodate ducts or pipes.

A

chase

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15
Q

A ______ adjusts the quantity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supply line(s), reduces the velocity of air, and attenuates noise

A

mixing box

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16
Q

What is connected to a mixing box?

A

lines from thermostats

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17
Q

With variable air volume systems (VAVs) what varies the quantity of air?

A

VAV box

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18
Q

Most common use for a raised access floor? but it can also be used for?

A

electrical, communication, and computer wiring HVAC ductwork

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19
Q

A _________ consists of two runs of studs separated by several inches, the exact dimension being determined by the largest pipe or duct that has to be concealed

A

chase wall

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20
Q

A _____ is a steel framework that is bolted to the floor inside a pipe chase and carries the weight o wall-hung toilets

A

toilet carrier

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21
Q

Access doors need to be provided for:

A

valves, fire dampers, heating coils, mechanical equipment, electrical junction boxes, communication junction boxes, and similar devices

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22
Q

Who determines the location of the thermostats?

A

mechanical engineer

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23
Q

Who should coordinate the location of supply air diffusers and return air grilled with other ceilings items, such as lights, sprinkler heads, smoke detectors, speakers, and the like?

A

interior designer

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24
Q

In commercial construction, does it matter where window treatments are placed?

A

yes–it can affect the heating and air conditioning in the space. they should be placed at least 2” from the glass to avoid heat build up between the window covering and the glass

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25
Q

There are several types of conductors that supply power throughout a building. Most common type for: Residential (or commercial under 3 stories) Commercial

A

Romex (two or more plastic-insulated conductors and ground wire surrounded by a moisture-resistant plastic jacket
Individual plastic-insulated conductors must be placed in metal conduit

26
Q

What is the purpose of metal conduit?

A

supports and protects the wiring, serves as a system ground, and protects surrounding construction from fire if the wire overheats or shorts

27
Q

In residential construction, outlets must be spaced no more than ____ feet apart and on ______

A

12’ and on each wall surface where furniture might be placed so lamp cords and the like do not have to be stretched across door openings

28
Q

What is grounding?

A

a separate wire in addition to the two that provide power. The grounding of an electrical system prevents a dangerous shock if someone touches an appliance with a short circuit and simultaneously touches a ground path such as a water pipe

29
Q

Where are GFI’s required?

A

bathrooms, garages, accessory buildings at or below grade, outdoors, crawl spaces, unfinished basements, countertop receptacles in kitchens, laundry and utility rooms, boathouses

30
Q

What is an AFCI?

A

The AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter) protects against fires caused by arcing faults

31
Q

Where are AFCIs required?

A

family rooms, dining rooms, living rooms, libraries, dens, sunrooms, rec rooms, closets, hallways, and similar rooms

32
Q

Where are telephone and communication systems shown?

A

on the same plan as the power

33
Q

Plumbing systems consist of two or more major components:

A

water supply and drainage

34
Q

Is it easier to place water supply or drainage pipes?

A

supply pipes because they work off of pressure and can be placed in walls or in ceilings. drainage pipes are more difficult because they require gravity

35
Q

two reasons drainage pipes are more difficult to place?

A
  1. need to be sloped to carry waste
  2. need vent pipes
36
Q

______ are pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations, open to the outside air, and designed to serve two purposes.

A

vents

37
Q

Two main purposed of vent pipes:

A
  1. allow built up sewage gases to escape
  2. allow pressure in the system to equalize so discharging waste does not create a siphon that would drain the water out of the traps
38
Q

soil stack vs waste stack

A

human waste: soil stack waste stack: anything other than human waste

39
Q

Plumbing plans are drafted by the _____

A

mechanical engineer

40
Q

Fire containment is achieved through

A

building materials, compartmentation, and smoke control

41
Q

Fire suppression is achieved through

A

fire detection and alarms, sprinkler systems, standpipes, and other methods

42
Q

Compartmentation is a critical concept in fire and life safety. The basic idea is to ______

A

contain a fire and limit its spread (to get occupants out safely and the parts of the building not yet subject to the fire)

43
Q

Compartmentation works especially well in ____ building

A

high-rise buildings where occupants may not be able to evacuate immediately. instead there is a place of refuge where occupants can wait until the fire is extinguished or until they can exit safely

44
Q

On a smaller scale of compartmentation, ____ are isolated to protect the building from collapsing

A

structural members are isolated

45
Q

What’s an example of compartmentation in residential construction?

A

Fire stops

46
Q

More deaths and injuries occur in fires due to __________ than ________________.

A

inhalation of smoke and other gases than due to flame and heat exposure

47
Q

What is one of the most important aspects of fire protection?

A

smoke control

48
Q

Why is smoke a big deal in fires?

A

Because is travels so quickly (through stairways, elevator shafts, mechanical shafts, and atriums and is exacerbated by HVAC systems

49
Q

Fire and smoke detector devices should be shown on the

A

RCP

50
Q

Four types of fire detection devices

A
  1. ionization detectors
  2. photoelectric detectors
  3. rise-of-temperature detectors
  4. flame detectors
51
Q

ionization detectors

A

responds to products of combustion-ionized particles (not smoke)
these are early warning detectors

52
Q

photoelectric detectors

A

respond to smoke (which obscures a light beam in the device )

53
Q

rise of temperature detectors

A

sense the presence of heat
major disadvantage is that usually flames must be present before the alarm temperature is reached

54
Q

flame detectors

A

respond to infrared or ultraviolet radiation given off by the flames.
downside: they do not give an early warning of smoldering fires

55
Q

Many buildings have a ________ of fire detectors

A

combination

56
Q

Where should fire detectors be located?

A
  1. near fire doors
  2. in exit corridors
  3. in individual hotel rooms
  4. in bedrooms
  5. in place of public assembly (sometimes required in main air ducts)
57
Q

Most common type of fire supression system?

A

sprinkler system

58
Q

When are upright sprinkler heads used?

A

with exposed ceilings

59
Q

_______ are pipes that run the height of a building and provide water outlets at each floor to which fire fighting hoses can be connected

A

standpipes

60
Q

standpipes are typically located

A

within the stairway

61
Q

A unit or device that radiates heat from water to the surrounding air, usually through closely spaced fins. These are usually placed against a wall under a window.

A

Convector