Chapter 16 - Finishes Flashcards
Four basic types of wood flooring
- strip
- plank
- block
- end-grain block
strip flooring
most common. thin strips 3/8” to 25/32” thick of varying lengths with tongue-and-groove edges
most are 2 1/4” wide
plank flooring
same thicknesses as strip but 3 to 8 inches wide
block flooring
preassembled wood flooring in various configurations (one example is parquet)
end-grain block flooring
solid pieces of of wood laid on end. very durable and resistant to oils, mild chemicals, and indentation.
common exterior stone flooring
limestone| travertine is a type of limestone that is often used inside
stone flooring can be installed in two ways
thin-set and thick-set
thin-set
1/8” thin-set mortar on subfloor
thick-set
3/4 to 1 1/4” mortar set on structurally sound subfloor
when should thick-set be used?
when the subfloor is uneven or when the stone varies in thickness (like slate of sandstone/flagstone)
what’s good about thin-set?
less expensive, add much less weight to the floor, faster to install
composite material poured in place or precast that is used for floor, walls, and stairs
terrazzo
terrazzo install
poured, cured, ground, and polished
pour-sit-grind-polish
advantages of terrazzo
durability, water resistance, ease of cleaning, fire resistance, wide choice of patterns and colors
best install method for terrazzo to avoid cracking of the terrazzo?
sand cushion method
finish system is physically separated from the structural slab with a membrane
because the underbed is reinforced, the terrazzo system can move independently of the structure
resilient flooring is a generic term describing several types of composition materials
vinyl flooring, rubber flooring, cork flooring, linoleum
difference between vinyl and rubber floors
vinyl is resistant to oils and grease and rubber is not
rubber is better under heavy loads
which resilient flooring is the most renewable?
cork
where is cork used?
where acoustical control or a high degree of resilience is desired
what should concrete be tested for?
moisture and alkalinity
what kind of problem can alkalinity in concrete cause?
can damage a tile installation by causing the adhesive to re-emulsify or return to its liquid sate
A ___ test should be used to test the surface of concrete that will come in contact with flooring adhesives or other critical floor coatings
pH
A ____ test can determine the level of alkalinity in concrete titration
titration
three types of carpet
rugs, sheet carpet, carpet tiles
carpet can be made from ___________
wool, nylon, acrylic, modacrylic, polyester, and olefin
natural material that is overall one of the best materials for carpets
wool
economical carpet that is very strong and wear resistant. high stain resistance and excellent crush resistance.
nylon
most widely used fiber for residential and commercial
cleans easily
moderate abrasion resistance, but has a more wool-like appearance than nylon
acrylic
made from synthetic polymers, highly abrasion resistant, cleans well, is mildew resistant, low in cost
polyester
used primarily for indoor-outdoor carpet . least attractive
olefin
carpet can be installed in one of two ways
glue-down or stretched-in installation (tackless strips attached around the perimeter of the room)
two primary types of tile
ceramic and quarry
porcelain tile is similar to ceramic tile except for:
- the clay used is denser - porcelain tile is fired at higher temperatures and for longer periods, removing almost all water, resulting in a tile that is denser and harder than ceramic tile
is porcelain tile or ceramic tile for desirable for commercial work?
porcelain tile
difference between mosaic tile and wall tile
under 6 square inches = mosaic
If it’s over 6 then = wall
tile, terrazzo, stone, and other smooth surfaces can be potentially dangerous flooring surfaces, especially when wet or covered with grease. to evaluate and specify the slip resistance of floor surfaces, the ________ is used
coefficient of friction (COF)
the range of COF
0 to 1
the higher the COF, the _____ the surface
less slippery
OSHA recommends a minimum COF of
.5
Paints are broadly classified into two groups
solvent-based and water-based
_________ have binders dissolved in or containing organized solvents
solvent-based
_______ has binders that are soluble or dispersed in water
water-based
example of solvent-based paint
varnishes, shellac, silicone, and urethane. add pigment, and the coating becomes a stain
example of water based paint
Latex paints
is acrylic latex or vinyl chloride better?
acrylic latex
why are gloss paints used?downside?
for their washability and shiny appearances
how defects in their surfaces
In wallpaper terminology, what’s the difference between a straight match and a drop match
straight match–one length of the wallpaper is aligned with the next piece in a direct horizontal line
drop match- the next piece must be lowered to continue the pattern
In wallpaper terminology, what is a patten repeat?
the distance from one point to the next instance of the same point in the pattern
Type I wallcovering
light duty- residential and commercial where little to no abuse is expected
Type II wallcovering
medium duty- residential, commercial, institutional| offices, dining rooms, classrooms, and some corridors
Type III wall covering
heavy duty- public corridors, food-service areas, and hospitals
two methods of cutting wallpaper
double-cutting and butting
double-cutting: overlapping adjacent strips and then cutting through and removing both
butting: must be used for patterned wall covering where matching is critical, or with dark-colored or deeply embossed material where removal of adhesive is difficult
what is a tuck joint?
a small recess where wall covering, fabric or vinyl can turn into giving a neater edge and concealing any minor delimitation of the fabric edges from the partition should it occur
calculations for carpet
carpet is measured by the square yard. for rectangular rooms no wider than 12 feet, calculate the square area and divide by 9. round up.
To find out how much wallpaper is needed for a room:
- calculate the perimeter of the room
- multiply the perimeter by the ceiling height. If the wallpaper will be random matched, no adjustment for pattern repeat is required. (if a pattern repeat is required you need to know the usable wallpaper - see cards at end of deck. Divide the total surface area by the amount of usable wallpaper per roll.)
- Add a 20% waste factor
- calculate the area not covered. Allow 15ft squared for a door and 15ft squared for two windows
- subtract the area not covered from the area found in step 3 to get the total area of wallpaper needed.
- determined the number of single rooms required.
in wallpaper calculations always count for _____% waste
20
27 inch wide wallpaper contains _____
36 sq ft
more commonly used double roll contains ____ sq ft
72
to calculate the area of doors, windows, and other features that will not be covered, assume ___ sq ft for one door opening or two windows
15 square feet
If the pattern repeat is 0–6 inches, then there is ___ square feet of usable wallpaper.
25 sq ft
For a pattern repeat between 7–12 inches, then you can use ____ square feet of wallpaper.
22 sq ft
If the repeat is 13–18 inches, then use ____ square feet of wallpaper.
20
For a pattern that repeats every 19–23 inches, then there is ___ square feet of usable wallpaper.
15
