Chapter 22 - Communication Methods Flashcards
the ratio of a measuring unit to the full-size item it represents
graphic scale
an instrument used in manual drafting that facilitates making and reading scaled drawings
scale
three types of scales used for architectural, interior design, and engineering drawings
architect’s scale
metric scale
engineers scale
this type of scale uses fractions of an inch (or multiples of an inch) to represent feet and inches
architect’s scale
one of the most common types of architectural scales?
12in triangular scale contains 12 different scales along six edges
this type of scale is used when when a project is planned and represented with SI units
metric scale
example of metric scale/SI units
1:50 , 1:10, 1:5
individual lengths on a metric scale are based on
millimeter lengths
1:50 = __/__=1’-0”
1/4” = 1’-0” this is because 1/4” scale shows things represented to 1/48 of their original size (which is almost 1/50
which shows a larger scale? 1:5 or 1:300
1: 5 is a larger scale (for architectural work)1: 300 is a smaller scale (for site planning and civil engineering work)
_____ indicates feet and fractions of a foot and uses scales such as 1 in = 40 ft or 1 in = 100 ft
engineer’s scale
which type of engineers most often use an engineer’s scale?
civil (esp site plans and utility plans)
what do you see at the end of an architect’s scale?
a one foot marking segmented by inches and fractions of inches
1/16” scale used for:
floor plans of very large buildings
1/8” scale used for:
floor plans
1/4” scale used for:
floor plans, simple interior elevations, building sections
3/8” scale used for:
complex interior elevations, complex building sections
1/2” scale used for:
enlarged floor plans, very complex elevations
3/4” scale used for:
enlarged floor plans, full wall sections
1 1/2” scale used for:
ceiling details, simple cabinet details
3” scale used for:
door, cabinet, furniture, and similar details
half full size scale used for:
cabinet details, other complex details
full size scale used for:
very complex details
which scale sizes should never be used?
3/32” and 3/16”
____ is a band of alternating light and dark portions, each of which represents a certain length
graphic scale
_______ is the view of an object seen as though the viewer’s line of sight were simultaneously perpendicular to every point on the nearest face of the object
orthographic projection
can you use scale and proportion with orthographic projection?
yes
is there distortion with orthographic projection?
no
A _____ is a view of a building seen from above without the section cut
roof plan
A plan that shows landscaping, walks, drives, and property lines is a ______
site plan
how are walls in a floor plan typically shown? ( 2 ways)
either two lines or poched
A ____ is an orthographic view of an object as seen from directly above
plan
A _____ is an orthographic view of the ceiling of a room or building as though there were a mirror on the floor and a viewer could see through the roof to the ceiling’s reflection
reflected ceiling plan
Floor plans should show all _____ even if they are above the 5’ cut plan
openings
should doors show in an RCP?
no - only things that directly touch the ceiling should be shown
A _____ is an orthographic view of the side of an object
elevation
what do elevations show?
vertical dimensionstypes and extents of materials and finishes in a room that cannot be adequately described on other drawingshorizontal dimensions can be shown if there’s not adequate room for them on other drawings. Ex: cabinet widths and wall panel joints
A ____ is an orthographic view of an object after the object has been cut and one portion has been removed
section
sections can go through
an entire building or through just the edge of a countertop detail
sections show
vertical dimensions and hidden info about construction that cannot be described on plans or elevations
most details in construction drawings are
sections
A _______ is a view of an object inclined to the picture plane in such a way that the three principal axes are foreshortened
axonometric drawing
Three types of axonometric drawings:
isometric, dimetric, and trimetric
______ is a three-dimensional view of an object in which the object is tilted in relation to a picture plane (rather than parallel to the picture plane, as with an orthographic drawing)
isometric
the three principal axes in this type of drawing make equal angles with the picture plan or drawing surface
isometric
how to draw an isometric?
tilt the floor plan 30 degrees and extend points vertically
With a ____ drawing, one of the other two types of axonometric drawings, two of the principal axes are equally foreshortened.
dimetric
With a ____ drawing, all three of the principal axes are foreshortened
trimetric
A(an) _____ drawing is a three-dimensional view of an object where one plan of the object is parallel to the picture plan while the third axis is oblique to the picture plane.This type of drawing show one plane of an object (two dimensions) in true shape and scale, with the third dimension indicated by lines at a fixes angle to the true plane
oblique drawing
advantage of an oblique drawing?
an existing orthographic floor plan can be used as the starting point without any redrawing . the plan is simply tilted at any desired angle
why are perspective drawings the most accurate two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional world?
because of convergence (apparent diminishing size of objects as they get farther from the eye)
apparent diminishing size of objects as they get farther from the eye
convergence
what is the spot is in the distance where lines in a perspective converge?
vanishing point
in perspective drawing, what explains why a set of parallel lines will appear to be nonparallel and point to a vanishing point?
convergence
when the point of view is perpendicular to one of the planes of the object
one-point perspective
when the point of view is at normal eye level and is not perpendicular to any plane of the object
two-point perspective
horizontal line drawn on the back edge of angled plan to set up a two-point perspective. this is the imaginary vertical plane onto which all points of the object are projected to create this two-dimensional image. in plan view, this appears as a cdff
picture plane
two lines extend from the _______ to the left and right (in diagonals) parallel to the two major sets of parallel lines of the object.
Station point
The _____ represents the place where the earth meets the sky, just as in the real three-dimensional world. It becomes the basis of the perspective view
horizon line
The ____ are the points where the horizon line intersects the two vertical lines projected from above
VPL or VPR| Vanishing Point Left or Vanishing Point Right
Where the line of the picture plane touches the plan drawing, a vertical line is projected down to intersect the horizon line. This becomes the _____
true high line (or height line)
This is the only line on the perspective drawing where vertical dimensions can be directly scaled
height line
what is used to save time in drawing perspectives
a perspective grid
Two types of physical models that you can make
presentation models and study models (or working models)
How does a mock-up come to be?
It is normally called for in the construction specs and is paid for by the client. If the client accepts the mock-up, it can be used in the final work
Programming reports
need final sign-off
What gets presented in a presentation at the end of DD?
- exact dimensions of the floor plan are set- specific products and materials have been selected,- furniture selection is finalized- for most products, exact colors and finishes have been determined
DD presentation is the last time for what?
the client to make changes without adversely affecting the project’s cost and schedule
is a sample board or rendering preferred when communicating materials and finishes?
sample board- only a real sample can convey the accurate color, texture, and look of a finish
Furniture can be presented how?
images of the furniture with an sample of the fabric next to it
when presenting materials and furnishings, what’s good backup to have?
manufacturer’s product data sheets assembled on boards or in a separate notebook
