Chapter 7 - Building Regulations and Codes Flashcards
What does ADA stand for? Is it a code, standard, or piece of legislation?
Americans with Disabilities Act, Civil Rights Legislation
Can local codes include amendments to the model building code in use?
Yes.
Local jurisdictions (including states) may write their own buildings codes, but in most cases a _________ is adopted into law by reference.
Model Code
A model code is one that has been written by a group comprised of experts knowledgeable in the field, without any reference to any particular ________.
geographical region
Adopting a model code allows a city, county or district to _______
have a complete, workable building code without the difficulty and expense of writing its own.
Even when a city or state writes its own building code, it’s usually based on a ____________.
model code
Cities that have written their own building code include
Chicago and New York among others
The primary model code is the ___________
International Building Code (IBC)
Building codes are written to protect the ____, ____, ____ of the public.
health, safety, and welfare
Model codes are written based on the idea of the _______________.
least acceptable risk
The electrical code used by all jurisdictions is the _________
National Electric Code (NEC)
The National Electric Code is published by the ______
NFPA
Model codes make extensive use of industry standards developed by trade associations such as ____, ____, ____, and _____.
GA, ASTM, NFPA, and ANSI
What does GA stand for?
Gypsum Association
What does ASTM stand for?
American Society for Testing and Materials
What does ANSI stand for?
American National Standards Institute
Standards are made part of the ________ by reference name and number.
building code
Ex: A11.7.1, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities
In the US, the authority for adopting and enforcing buildings codes is one of the police powers given to the _______ by the Tenth Amendment. Each state may retain those powers or delegate some of them to ______________________.
states
lower levels of gov’t, such as counties or cities
The authority for adopting and enforcing buildings codes varies ___________
state by state
Building codes are usually adopted by _________
local jurisdictions
Only when standards are referenced in building codes and that code is adopted by a governmental jurisdiction do standards become ______.
laws
This group does the following: test procedures that prescribe in detail things such as -how the test is set up-how materials must be prepped for the test-length of the test etc.
What does ASTM do?
This group does the following: develops standards related to the causes and prevention of destructive fires publishes hundreds of codes and standards that cover the scope of fire prevention including:-sprinkler systems-fire extinguishers-hazardous materials-fire fighting and more
What does NFPA do?
This group does the following:| They approve standards developed by other organizations and works to avoid duplications between different standards
What does ANSI do?
What does NRTL stand for?
National Recognized Testing Laboratory
An _______ is an independent laboratory recognized by OSHA to test products to the specifications of applicable product safety standards.
NRTL (National Recognized Testing Laboratory)
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What is one of the most well known testing laboratories in the US?
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
What does UL do?
develops standards and tests products for safety
Are there several types of UL labels? Given after a product successfully passes the prescribed test?
Yes
When a complete and total product is successfully tests, it receives a ___________________. This means that the product passes the _______ test and is manufactured under the UL follow-up services program.
UL listed label
safety
What is this label called?
Samples of the product are tested for certain types of uses only. In addition to the label, the product must also carry a statement specifying ____________________.
UL classified label
the conditions that were tested for
What is a common use of UL testing procedures?
Door openings. For example, fire doors are required to be tested in accordance with ANSI UL10B and they must carry a UL label
ASTM E119:
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials tests for fire resistance of construction assemblies:
Part 1 - measures ______ __________ through the assembly
Part 2 - _____ _______ test to simulate how well the assembly stands up to an impact from falling debris and the cooling and eroding effects of water OVERALL: this test evaluates the assembly’s ability to _________________________.
heat transfer
hose stream
prevent the passage of fire, heat, and hot gases for a given amount of time
NFPA 252: Standard Methods of Fire Tests of _______ ____________ (evaluates ability)
Door Assemblies
NFPA 257: Standard on Fire Test for Window and ______ ______ Assemblies
Glass Block
Flammability tests for finish materials determine three things:
- does it add “fuel to the fire”
- how fast does the fire spread across the material
- how much smoke and toxic gas does it produce?
ASTM E84: Standard Test Method for ___________________________ of Building Material AKA Steiner Tunnel Test rates ___________________________ of interior finishes and other building materials wainscoting, paneling, heavy wall covering, and other finishes applied structurally and for decoration
surface burning characteristics
ASTM E84 classifies materials into __________
one of three groups based on their tested flammability
Class A being the most fire resistant and C being the least
ASTM E662: measures the amount of smoke given off by a _______ or ___________ material or finish (this is the same test as the NFPA 258)
flaming
smoldering
NFPA 253: AKA _________ ________ panel test measures the flame spread of ________ (same as ASTM E648)
radiant flooring
carpet
ASTM D2859: test for ________ flammability
carpet
NFPA 265: determines contribution of interior textile ______ and _________ coverings to room fire growth
wall
ceiling
NFPA 286: evaluates flammability of materials on walls other than _________.
textiles
ASTM E2573: _______ wall systems for flammability
stretch
NFPA 701
flammability of draperies, curtains
A fire damper is a UL listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings that is designed to ___________________.
automatically close on detection of heat, thus restricting the passage of fire.
Does a fire barrier or fire partition offer more protection?
Fire barrier
What is a fire barrier?
vertical or horizontal assembly that is fire-resistance rated and is designed to restrict the spread of fire, confine it, and /or afford safe passage for protected egress.
Purposes for fire barriers:
to enclose _________ exit enclosures (stairways), exit _____________, horizontal exits, and incidental use areas- separate different __________ in a mixed __________ situation - separate single occupancies into different fire areas
vertical
passageways
occupancy
occupancy
Can fire partitions stop at the ceiling?
yes, if the ceiling is fire-resistance-rated
Can fire barriers stop at the ceiling?
no-they must go deck to deck
A fire partition is a wall assembly with a fire-resistance rating of _____
1 hour
Curtains, draperies, hangings, and other decorative materials suspended from walls or ceilings must be ______ and pass the ______.
flame resistant NFPA 701
Floor-wall base trim that is ____” in height must be not less than ___________ when tested in accordance with NFPA 253.
6
Class II
In order to achieve equivalent safety in building design, each occupancy group therefore varies by ____, ____, ____, and _____.
fire protection requirements
area and height limitations
type of construction restrictions
means-of-egress elements
What are the ten major occupancy groups according to the IBC?
assembly
business
education
factory / industrial
hazardous
institutional
mercantile
residential
utility
storage
ABE F HIM RUS
For interior design, occupancy classification affects the following:
calculation of occupant load
egress design
interior finish requirements
use of fire partitions and fire barriers fire detection/suppression systems ventilation/sanitation requirements other special restrictions particular to any given classification
An ___________ occupancy is a space or room that is ancillary to the main occupancy but does not exceed 10% of the floor area on the story of which it is located.
accessory
What is an incidental use area?
An incidental use area is ancillary to the main occupancy and has the same classification as the nearest main occupancy but poses a greater level of risk to that occupancy.
The incidental area must be ______ from the main occupancy by a ________
separated
fire barrier
Type I buildings
Most fire resistive
not limited by area or height
Type V buildings
Least fire resistive
Limited by area or height
If a building is changing occupancy type, the designer must know the construction type to verify ____________.
that the maximum area is not exceeded. If the maximum area is being exceeded, it may be necessary to construct a firewall or add sprinklers.
In addition, construction type can affect the required fire ratings of
coverings of structural elements, floor/ceiling assemblies, and openings in rated walls
The term ____________ is used to describe any fire alarm or fire-extinguishing device or the system that is designed and installed to detect, control, or extinguish a fire, or to alert the occupants or the fire department that a fire has occurred, or any combination of these.
fire protection system
_________ are the most common type of suppression system and are required in nearly all new high-rise buildings and hotels. They’re also coming commonplace in many other types of commercial buildings.
Sprinklers
The design and layout of the sprinkler system are the responsibility of the mechanical engineer or fire protection contractor, but the interior designer should be aware of sprinkler system requirements, most notably ________________________________.
the spacing of sprinkler heads and the types of heads available
NFPA 13
sprinkler system requirements
code requirements for glazing focus on two main locations:
glazing used in hazardous locations
glazing used in fire-rated assemblies such as partitions and doors
_____ must be used in hazardous locations where it is subject to human impact, such as in doors and enclosures.
safety glazing
Fire-protection-rated glazing
1/4” thick wired glass in steel frames. must have 45 min rating and is limited to 1-hour fire-rated partitions. The amount of this glazing is limited to 25% the length of the common wall within any room using the glazing.
Fire-resistance-rated glazing
glass that has been tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated wall assembly. allows the use of special fire-rated glazing that can have fire-resistive ratings up to 2 hours. May be used in partitions that must have a rating higher than 1 hour, although the glazing must have the same rating at the partition in which it is used. There are no area limitations.
A _____ is a component whose function is to prevent falls from an elevated area.
guard
Guards were previously called
guardrails
Guards must be a minimum of ___ inches high and designed such that a sphere with a ____ inch diameter cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 36 inches
42”
4”
The _______ gives the minimum number of toilets, lavatories, drinking fountains, and other fixtures required in the building
International Plumbing Code (IPC)
The IBC references _______ for electrical codes.
National Electrical Code (NEC) published by the NFPA
What does STC stand for?
Sound Transmission Class
The IBC requires a min _____ (___if tested) for walls
50 STC (45 if tested)
Two types of fireplaces
Pre-fab (factory built) and traditional masonry
No combustible trim is allowed within ___ inches of the fireplace opening
6
Any combustible trim between ___ and __ inches of the opening may only project __ from the fireplace for every 1 inches of space between the trim and the opening.
6 and 12
1/8” projection
Material that will ignite and burn, either as a flame or glow
combustible
an assembly of a fire door, fire window, or fire damper; including all required anchorage, frames, sills, and hardware
fire assembly
a fire-resistive-rated vertical or horizontal assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are protected
fire barrier
fire-resistive component used to separate dwelling units. generally required to have a min 1-hr fire protection-rated construction
fire partition
period of time an opening assembly, ex: door or window, can confine a fire or maintain its integrity or both
THIS IS FOR OPENINGS
fire-protection rating
the property of a material or assembly to withstand or resist the spread of fire or give protection from it
fire resistance
the period of time a building component such as wall, floor, roof, beam, or column can confine a fire or maintain its structural integrity or both
THIS IS FOR WALLS, FLOORS, ROOFS, ETC.
fire-resistance rating
The ability to withstand flame impingement or give protection from it. applies to individual materials as well as combinations of components
flame resistance
the propagation of flame over a surface
flame spread
the numerical value assigned to a material tested in accordance with ASTM E84
flame-spread index
capable of burning with a flame and subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion
flammable
material that will not ignite and burn when subjected to a fire
noncombustible
NFPA 261 tests for what?
upholstered furniture
