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NCIDQ IDPX > Code Requirements, Laws, Standards & Sustainability - Part II > Flashcards

Code Requirements, Laws, Standards & Sustainability - Part II Flashcards

1
Q

The call buttons on an elevator must indicate when the call is ________ and ___________.

A

received
responded to

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2
Q

Hall lanterns must give
________ and _________ signals.

A

visual and audible

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3
Q

It is typical for the hall lantern to chime once for ____ and twice for _____.

A

up
down

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4
Q

The floor buttons on the inside of the car may be no higher than ____” above the floor.

A

54”

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5
Q

The emergency controls must be no more than ___” above the ground and must be ________ of the button display.

A

35”
in the center

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6
Q

Interior designers need to be familiar with the zoning conditions and covenants that apply in their jurisdiction, in particular when ___________________.

A

they are deciding whether to operate out of a home office

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7
Q

For one thing, there may be ______________ in place which will forbid home offices.

A

zoning restrictions

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8
Q

However, it is possible on occasion to obtain a ______________ which allows the operation of a business in a residential area.

A

zoning variance

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9
Q

This is usually possible if the designer can demonstrate that his or her business will not _________________.

A

disrupt the tranquility of the neighborhood

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10
Q

Finally, in some cases the conditions, _________ and restrictions of a neighborhood will ________ a home-based business. An interior designer should investigate these issues in his or her own neighborhood before considering a home-based business.

A

covenants
forbid

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11
Q

List the rating system that is endorsed by the United States Green Building Council.

A

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

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12
Q

LEED offers four levels of achievement, what are they?

A

Certified, silver, gold, platinum

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13
Q

What is the name of a similar system (LEED) that is administered in Canada?

A

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design BC

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14
Q

What is Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method and how is it rated?

A

Another system for promoting and certifying green building.
Buildings are awarded a rating ranging from pass to excellent.

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15
Q

The _______ _______ organization has developed a comprehensive system for evaluating the sustainability and environmental impact of design products.

A

Green Seal

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16
Q

The ______________ determines whether products meet indoor air quality standards.

A

Greenguard Environmental Institute

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17
Q

________________ certifies environmentally related product attributes and also identifies sustainable forests so that designers can acquire lumber and woodwork from responsible sources.

A

Scientific Certification Systems

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18
Q

Finally, ____________ is a set of international standards for durability and life-cycle assessment.

A

ISO 14000

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19
Q

The USGBC established the LEED standard for buildings of _____ ___________ - sustainable architecture.

A

high performance

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20
Q

Sustainable design is a relatively new system of building which strives to ___________ as much as possible during the life of a building.

A

conserve environmental resources

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21
Q

Increasingly, clients will be requesting interior designers to consult the LEED standards to save _____________________.

A

money through energy conservation and federal subsidies

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22
Q

By earning LEED certification, a building can win ______________ and _______________.

A

government subsidies and tax breaks

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23
Q

For the benefits, an interior designer needs to be familiar with the various ways to earn credit towards LEED certification. List actions that can contribute.

A
  1. Occupying a Brownfields site
  2. Occupying a building in which a storm water management plan has been implemented.
  3. Designing in a shady building
  4. Utilizing a green roof or a roof with a high solar reflectance index.
  5. Making sure at least half of parking spaces underground are covered.
  6. Ensuring at least 5% of total energy use is through on-site renewable energy
  7. Reducing the use of municipally-provided potable water
  8. Using a high-efficiency urination system.
  9. Devising a system to prevent exterior lighting from creating light pollution.
  10. Building within half a mile of a commuter rail or subway station.
  11. Providing secure bicycle storage.
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24
Q

Consistently poor indoor air quality can have serious health consequences for human beings. List some consequences.

A

It can exacerbate preexisting respiratory conditions, like asthma.

It can cause what is now known as sick building syndrome or building-related illness.

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25
Q

Sick Building Syndrome

A

In which individuals who live or work in a common space all develop respiratory problems, headaches, infections, and nausea.

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26
Q

Building-related Illness

A

Similar to Sick Building Syndrome, but symptoms do not immediately improve when the afflicted individuals leave the building.

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27
Q

There are also a number of reactions to _________, _______ exposure to toxic chemicals.

A

prolonged, low-level

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28
Q

The current restrictions on ____________ are part of the governmental effort to fight these problems.

A

volatile organic compounds

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29
Q

Interior designers can obtain LEED certification through abiding by _________/______ standards.

A

ASHRAE/IESNA

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30
Q

This often includes the use of __________ ___________, the air distribution system in which the supply of air comes from ______ level and leaves the room through grilles in the ceiling.

A

displacement ventilation
floor

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31
Q

Displacement ventilation does not require the air to be _________ as much and therefore, _________ energy consumption.

A

cooled
reduces

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32
Q

Under no circumstances should be ______________ used at any stage in the process.

A

chlorofluorocarbons

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33
Q

Designers should also reduce electricity use by ___________ as much as possible and placing low-use areas of the building on _______________ lighting systems.

A

incorporating daylight
motion-detector

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34
Q

Why does a designer need to perform a life-cycle assessment?

A

In order to develop a comprehensive idea about the environmental impact of a material

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35
Q

This includes attention to the four main stages of a material’s life cycle. What are they?

A

Acquisition
Manufacturing
Use/maintenance
Disposal

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36
Q

For a life-cycle assessment, the interior designer will also want to determine how the raw materials for the product is _______, ________, and ________. The designer will need to consider the installation, _____, and ________ of the product.

A

assembled, packaged, and delivered
use and maintenance

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37
Q

Finally, the designer will want to consider what is likely to happen to the product after _____________.

A

its period of usefulness has come to an end

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38
Q

List 12 criteria for the assessment of sustainability.

A

Embodied energy
Renewable materials
Recycled content
Energy efficiency
Use of local materials
Durability
Low volatile organic compound content
Low toxicity
Moisture problems
Water conservation
Maintainability
Potential for reuse and recycling

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39
Q

Embodied energy

A

The amount of energy it takes to extract, process and manufacture a product or material.

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40
Q

Renewable materials

A

It is better to use materials that can be naturally generated in a short period of time.

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41
Q

Recycled content

A

A material is considered more sustainable the more recycled content it contains.

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42
Q

Energy efficiency

A

Wherever possible, building materials should diminish the amount of energy required in a building.

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43
Q

Use of local materials

A

Reduces transportation expenses and the consumption of fossil fuels.

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44
Q

Durability

A

Entails higher initial cost but lower cost over the entire life-cycle.

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45
Q

Low volatile organic compound content

A

This criterion is particularly important with the use of adhesives, coatings and finishes. A building can earn LEED credits for reducing the VOC content.

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46
Q

Low toxicity

A

The worst gases emitted by design elements are formaldehyde and chlorofluorocarbons.

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47
Q

Moisture problems

A

Materials that tend to become moist can become infected with biological contaminants and unhealthy fungi.

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48
Q

Water conservation

A

As much as possible, an interior designer wants to select products that minimize the use of water.

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49
Q

Maintainability

A

Specifically, the degree to which a material can be effectively cleaned and maintained with nontoxic chemicals and cleaning supplies.

50
Q

Potential for reuse and recycling

A

Wherever possible designers should opt for materials that can be used again. Products are considered reusable and recyclable even when they have to be converted into a different shape or format.

51
Q

Many interior designers mistakenly believe that it is ______________ to use salvaged materials, but in fact these materials can be ______________, especially when the designer cultivates relationships with ____________.

A

more expensive
quite cheap
local junkyards and salvaged material dealers

52
Q

In particular, designers should be on the lookout for salvaged ______, ______, and ________.

A

steel, aluminum, and copper

53
Q

Aluminum is easily recycled, but __________ during manufacture.

A

uses a lot of energy

54
Q

Steel, aluminum, and copper can be reused with excellent results, so long as they have not been covered with _________________.

A

damaging chemical compounds

55
Q

Interior designers are discovering the benefits of reusing _______ and ________.

A

wood and plastics

56
Q

The simplest wood product that can be incorporated is reclaimed wood. What is reclaimed wood?

A

High-quality lumber salvaged from old construction projects.

57
Q

What are alternatives to wood?

A

Particle board and compressed veneer products.

58
Q

Composite wood veneer

A

Made by cutting young, fast-growing trees into veneers, which are then dyed and glued into an artificial log. This log is then sliced again to create the final veneers.

59
Q

Finally, interior designers may want to use wood products that come from _____________.

A

sustainable forests

60
Q

As for plastics, interior designers should be sure to select plastic products that are _________, preferably those ______________ plastic materials.

A

recyclable
derived from previously used

61
Q

True or false
Interior design and finishes are one of the most notorious polluters.

A

True

62
Q

Designers are increasingly required to select environmentally conscious _______ and _______ for their projects.

A

chemicals
coatings

63
Q

In terms of flooring, designers are increasingly drawn to carpeting made of short ___________, ______ flooring or ________ flooring.

A

nylon fiber
vinyl
rubber

64
Q

The best adhesives at present are those based on ______ and those which use plant _______, primarily.

A

water
resins

65
Q

In terms of wall finish, gypsum wall board can be purchased in a ____% recyclable format.

A

100%

66
Q

More and more, furnishing manufacturers are developing products which are _______ and which make a positive impact on the environment. This is especially important because many of the furnishings of the past had ___________ coatings and were made of ____________ materials.

A

sustainable
hazardous
unsustainable

67
Q

Designers should try to select furnishings made out of recyclable materials and covered with ________ that is free of _________.

A

upholstery
formaldehyde

68
Q

All the fabrics should be __________ and colored with ______________ dyes.

A

biodegradable
nontoxic chemical

69
Q

Finally, whenever possible designers can __________ or _________ older furnishings.

A

reuse or refurbish

70
Q

Interior designers need to be conscious of the ways in which their plans will influence _________________.

A

indoor air quality

71
Q

There is a risk of two kinds of contaminants. What are they?

A

Biological and chemical

72
Q

Chemical contaminants

A

Most common is volatile organic compounds. Found in number of household products.

73
Q

The _____ is currently developing strict programs for limiting the use of VOC’s.

A

EPA

74
Q

Formaldehyde is another common _________ containment. Where is it found?

A

chemical
Found in interior adhesives

75
Q

Biological contaminants include _______, ________, and ________. What do they need to grow?

A

Mold, mildew, and fungi
Moisture to grow

76
Q

What are the nine biological contaminants found in buildings?

A

Mold, mildew, bacteria, viruses, mites, pollen, animal dander, dust, and insects

77
Q

What do mold and mildew thrive in most?

A

Moist, cool, dark areas
basements

78
Q

Bacteria can develop ________ and cause _________.

A

anywhere
infection

79
Q

Viruses are transmitted by ________, including ________.

A

animals
insects

80
Q

Mites and insects can both thrive inside __________, and beneath __________. They are known carriers of disease.

A

Partitions
Flooring

81
Q

___________ _________ is an allergen for many people and increases the amount of dust in a space.

A

Animal dander

82
Q

_________ is a powderlike substance produced by plants.

A

Pollen

83
Q

Dust is mainly composed of ________ ______ and tends to accumulate in ____________ areas.

A

human skin
high-traffic

84
Q

Perhaps the most important piece of legislation on indoor air quality standards is the __________.

A

Clean air act of 1970

85
Q

The clean air act of 1970 empowered the __________ to establish an update standards for indoor air quality .

A

environmental protection agency

86
Q

A couple of the more common, voluntary industry standards are ASHRAE standard 62–______ and ASHRAE standard 62.2–______, which have to do with __________ and low-rise, residential buildings, respectively.

A

2001
2003
ventilation

87
Q

The Greenguard Institute has also established a set of rigorous tests for a Interior Design _________ _________. These tests supplement the traditional assessments, which include ASTM D5116, ASTM D6670, ASTM E1333.

A

product emissions

88
Q

List the five common hazardous materials found in buildings.

A

Asbestos
Vermiculite
Lead
Radon
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)

89
Q

Where is asbestos found and what can it lead to?

A

Asbestos is often found in older insulation, flooring, caulking and paint; the inhalation of asbestos fiber often leads to pulmonary fibrosis

90
Q

How is vermiculite used and how is it dangerous?

A

Often used as insulation or in potting soil; often contains asbestos, which can be very dangerous when inhaled

91
Q

Where is lead found and what can it lead to?

A

Lead is often found in older kinds of paint; consumption can lead to brain damage, growth disorders, and death

92
Q

Where is radon found and what can it cause?

A

Radon is not found in building materials, but in surrounding water, rock, and soil; a known cause of cancer, especially when inhaled

93
Q

Where can polychlorinated biphenyl‘s (or PCBs) be found and what can it cause?

A

Polychlorinated biphenyls are found in older, plastics and rubbers, fluorescent lighting tubes and paints; can accumulate in human and animal tissue, resulting in cancer and other health problems.

94
Q

There are a number of ways for interior designers to incorporate recycling and reuse into their work. ___________ __________ is the process of using existing buildings and materials rather than creating new ones.

A

Adaptive reuse

95
Q

Post industrial materials, also known as pre-consumer materials, or any scrap or trim materials created during the manufacturing process that have been ________ or ________ from ________ ________.

A

recovered
diverted
solid waste

96
Q

Post consumer materials, or any materials or products that have _______________, but have been recovered from waste.

A

served their original purpose

97
Q

In some cases, it will be impossible to recycle or reuse materials or even buildings. In this case is, interior designer should cooperate with ____________ __________ to find environmentally, responsible methods of removal and destruction.

A

disposal technicians

98
Q

There are a few important regulations and ___________ __________ related to sustainability with which all interior designer should be familiar.

A

industry standards

99
Q

To begin with, ASHRAE standard 90.1 describes the __________ _________ standards for all buildings except low rise, residential units.

A

energy efficiency

100
Q

Standards for product life cycle, ________ sustainability, and ________ sustainability are established by ASTM E1991, E2114, and E2129, respectively.

A

building
product

101
Q

The green seal organization has establish specific standards for ______ and ________.

A

paint and windows

102
Q

Finally, the ______________________ act of _______ empowers the EPA to keep track of all of the chemicals used in household products.

A

toxic substances control act of 1976

103
Q

During construction, there are a number of steps that are taken to allow the passage of_______ and ______ between the floors in a multi story building.

A

Pipes and cables

104
Q

To create a __________ for ________ , (E.G., electrical, telephone and data), workers will make a small hole known as a core drill between two and 4 inches in diameter.

A

conduit for wiring

105
Q

Creating core drills is easiest to do with ______________, and ______________ structure systems.

A

one-way pan joist
beam-and-girder

106
Q

The process of creating floor penetrations is especially difficult with ________ concrete systems.

A

Post-tensioned

107
Q

Post tension, concrete slabs should never be cut on the ________.

A

tendons

108
Q

The ______________ rating of a building, depends on the flammability and resistance to fire of its major structural components, including the partitions, exterior walls, and shaft enclosures.

A

fire-resistive

109
Q

The scale for indicating fire resistance is ______.

A

Hours

110
Q

Commercial structures will be given a rating of _______________; indicating how long the structure can maintain its integrity, despite the presence of fire.

A

one, two or three hours

111
Q

For the most part, decisions affecting the fire-resistive rating of a building will have been made _______ an interior designer becomes involved in a project.

A

before

112
Q

If an interior designer finds it necessary to make changes in this line, he, or she will probably have to enlist the services of a __________ _________.

A

Construction contractor

113
Q

Why does an interior designer need to know the general fire ratings of the common woodwork materials?

A

To maintain acceptable safety standards

114
Q

Interior wood finish is regulated by building codes; _______ is not.

A

Trim

115
Q

In addition, wood veneers are not required to abide by _______________ standards when they are less than 0.036 inch thick and applied to a _________________.

A

flame spread standards
non-combustible material

116
Q

For the most part, any wood that has not been treated with ________ ____________ will have a flame-spread rating less than _____.

A

flame retardants
200

117
Q

The strictest building code regulations apply to _______ ________ that are used on the walls or the ceiling; these materials are required to have the maximum _____________ rating, according to the relevant code.

A

wood panels
fire-spread

118
Q

There are a number of __________ concerns surrounding wood work with which an interior designer needs to be familiar.

A

ecological

119
Q

Increasingly, interior designers are trying to find materials and methods that help preserve the world’s ______ supplies.

A

timber

120
Q

One way to preserve the worlds timber supplies is to purchase materials from _______ suppliers, who have been certified as _________ __________, meaning that they take steps to maintain a __________________.

A

lumber
sustainable growers
steady level of forestation

121
Q

Another way to make woodwork greener is to use some ________ products. ________________ is a sustainable finishing product, made by placing veneers from common trees onto an artificial log, which can then be sliced into the final veneers.

A

synthetic
Composite wood veneer

NCIDQ IDPX (42 decks)

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