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NCIDQ IDPX > Chapter 15 - Lighting > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Lighting Flashcards

1
Q

Candlepower or candela

A

unit of luminous intensity approx equal to the horizontal light output from an ordinary wax candle

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2
Q

Luminous flux

A

quantity of light emitted by a light sourceAbbreviation: Φ PhiUnit: lm Lumen

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3
Q

Luminous intensity

A

quantity of light that is radiated in a particular direction. This is a useful measurement for directive lighting elements such as reflectors. It is represented by the luminous intensity distribution curve (LDC).Abbreviation: ΙUnit: cd Candela

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4
Q

Illuminance

A

quantity of luminous flux falling on a surface.It decreases by the square of the distance (inverse square law). Relevant standards specify the required illuminance.Illuminance: E(lx) = luminous flux (lm) / area (m2)Abbreviation: EUnit: lx Lux

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5
Q

Luminance

A

only basic lighting parameter that is perceived by the eye
It specifies the brightness of a surface and is essentially dependent on its reflectance (finish and color). Candela per square meter
Abbreviation: LUnit: cd/m2

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6
Q

There are two types of glare

A

direct and reflected

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7
Q

What is the rating to evaluate direct glare?

A

VCP (visual comfort probability)

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8
Q

For most situations, the critical zone for direct glare is in the area above a ___ angle from the light source

A

45

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9
Q

____ occurs when a light source is reflected from a viewed surface into the eye

A

reflected glare

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10
Q

If the reflected glare interferes with the viewing task, it is also called a ________

A

veiling reflection

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11
Q

In addition to daylight, there are four types of light sources:

A

incandescent
fluorescent
high-intensity discharge
light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

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12
Q

Efficacy is a measurement of ____/____

A

lumens/watt

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13
Q

You want more or less lumens per watt

A

more

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14
Q

______ lamp consists of tungsten filament placed within a sealed bulb containing an inert gas. when electricity is passed through the lamp, the filament glows, producing light.

A

incandescent

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15
Q

An MR-16 lamp is a low-voltage, ______

A

multifaceted mirror reflector

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16
Q

MR-16s have a narrow or wide beam?

A

narrow

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17
Q

_____ is one type of incandescent lamp. Light is produced by the incandescence of the filament, but there is a small amount of a halogen, such as iodine or bromine, in the bulb with the inert gas

A

tungsten-halogen

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18
Q

tungsten-halogen

A

greater efficacy than standard incandescent
more compact
light is more blue/white

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19
Q

low-voltage is in the class of _____

A

incandescents

20
Q

main disadvantage of low voltage?

A

transformer is required to step down the line voltage. this results in a bulkier luminaire and higher initial cost

21
Q

fluorescent lamps

A

mix of an inert gas an slow-pressure mercury vapor

22
Q

three types of fluorescent lamps

A

preheat, rapid start, and instant start

23
Q

typical shape of fluorescent bulb?

A

tubular

24
Q

high efficacy, low initial cost, long life available in a variety of color temps although most people think of them as being too “blue”

A

fluorescent lamps

25
Q

many incandescent bulbs are being replaced with

A

compact fluorescents

26
Q

______ lamps produce light by passing an electric current through a gas or vapor under high pressure

A

High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps

27
Q

three types of HID lamps

A

mercury-vapor, metal-halide, and high-pressure sodium

28
Q

typical lamp for outdoor lighting and industrial applications?

A

mercury-vapor
long lamp life but poor color rendering

29
Q

typical lamp for high-ceiling spaces where long life and high efficacy are desirable and in retail uses where point source control an excellent color rendition are needed?

A

ceramic metal halide

30
Q

LED

A

Light-emitting diodes

31
Q

LEDs are a class of _____

A

solid-state lighting

32
Q

disadvantages of LED

A

upfront cost and relatively lower efficacies

33
Q

Semi-direct lighting

A

majority of light down, small amount up

34
Q

direct-indirect lighting

A

light goes up and down equally

35
Q

common commercial lighting system

A

task-ambient

36
Q

task-ambient

A

provides general background illumination level with separate light fixtures used at individual workstations or wherever light is needed
this can be done with desk lamps or directed spot lights

37
Q

semi-indirect

A

most light goes up

38
Q

most common type of light fixture for residential lighting

A

surface-mounted

39
Q

_________ is a measure of how well one source renders the color of an object when compared with the same object lighted with a reference source of similar chromaticity whose rating is 100

A

color rendering index (CRI)

40
Q

CRI index is rated from ____ to _____.

A

1 to 100

41
Q

light switches are shown on

A

the RCP

42
Q

Electric lighting and the cooling it requires typically account for __-__% of a commercial building’s total energy use and can sometimes range up to __%

A

30-40% and can be up to 50%

43
Q

One of the problems with using daylighting, especially with large, high windows on the south side of a building, is the resultant glare and heat gain of direct sun. What is an effective way to solve this problem?

A

By using a light shelf

44
Q

what is a light shelf?

A

horizontal surface placed above eye level that reflects direct daylight onto the ceiling while shading the lower portions of the window and interior of the roomit also distributes the light more evenly from the window to the back of the room

45
Q

___ is expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of the indoor illuminance at a point on a horizontal surface to the unobstructed exterior horizontal illuminance

A

Daylight factor (df)

NCIDQ IDPX (42 decks)

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