Chapter 17 - Architectural Woodwork Flashcards
_______ is custom, shop-fabricated millwork built primarily of lumber and used for interior finish construction and specialty furnishings
architectural woodwork
architectural woodwork is sometimes referred to as
millwork
architectural woodwork can have what incorporated into the item?
ornamental metal, tile, stone, glass, leather, and fabric
three levels of millwork
premium, custom, and economy
premium millwork
highest level of quality in materials, workmanship, and installation
custom grade millwork
most common and still high quality
modular casework
prefab cabinets that are selected from manufacturer’s standard line. used in residential kitchens and baths, laboratories, schools, and other areas where quality cabinets are required but custom construction is not
raw material for architectural woodwork is broadly classified as either ____ or ____
softwood or hardwood
softwood
evergreens- pine and fir
hardwood
deciduous- oak and maple
timber is manufactured into two forms for use in architectural woodwork:
- solid-stock lumber
- veneer
solid stock lumber can be cut in three ways
plain, quarter, rift
plain sawn
most efficient use of the log and is the least expensive of the three methods cathedral patterning
quarter sawn
produced by cutting the log into quarters and then sawing perpendicular to a diameter line.
the pattern is more uniform.
tends to be twist and cup less, shrink less in width, hold paint better, and have fewer defects than plain sawn
rift sawn
most consistent vertical grain because the saw cuts are always made radially to the center of the tree.
there is more waste
can you get any type of cut for any type of wood?
no
not all types of lumber cutting are available in all species
veneers can be cut in five ways
- plain slicing
- quarter slicing
- rotary slicing
- half-round slicing
- rift slicing
plain slicing and quarter slicing are produced in the same way as is with solid stock, except
the resulting pieces are much thinner
quarter slicing (veneer)
produces a more straight-grained pattern than plain slicing because the cutting knife strikes the growth rings at apprximately a ninety degree angle
rotary slicing
the log is mounted on a lathe and turned against a snife, which peels off a continuous layer of veneer
produces a very pronounced grain pattern that is often undesirable in high quality woods
half-round slicing
similar to rotary except the log is cut in half, and the veneer is cut slightly across the annular growth ringspronounced grain pattern sim to both rotary and plain slicing
rift slicing
like quarter slicing, it results in a straight-grained pattern. commonly used with oak to avoid perpendicular markings
four basic categories of door and drawer front construction
flush
flush overlay
reveal overlay
lipped overlay
flush construction (door and drawer construction)
face of the drawer or door in installed flush with the face frame
lipped overlay construction (door and drawer construction)
part of the door or drawer overlaps the frame and covers the joint between the two pieces.
flush overlay construction (door and drawer construction)
the front of the door or drawer overlaps the face frame of the cabinet. often referred to as european cabinets
reveal overlay (door and drawer construction)
edges of adjacent drawer and door fronts are separated enough the reveal the face frame behind
reveal width can be whatever
often less expensive than flush overlay because minor misalignments and sagging are not as noticeable
two basic types of wood paneling
stile and rail (or raised panel)
flush paneling
Stile and rail (raised panel)
traditional type composed of vertical pieces (stile) and horizontal pieces (rails)
flush paneling
flat, smooth surface with the edge butted together or joined with a reveal
there are three ways to match adjacent veneer leaves
book matching
Slip matching
random matching
book matching (veneers)
most common. veneers are sliced off the log and every other
piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves form a symmetrical grain pattern
slip matching (veneers)
consecutive pieces are placed side by side and the same face sides are exposed
random matching
places veneers in a random sequence and veneers from different flitches can even be used
there are three ways to bookmatch veneers within a panel
running match
balance match
center match
running match veneers
simply alternates the book matched veneer pieces, regardless of their width or how many pieces must be used to complete a panel. any portion left over from the last leaf of one panel is used as the starting piece for the next
balance match
utilizes veneer pieces trimmed to equal widths in each panel
center match
has an even number of veneer leaves of uniform width so that there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel
there are three ways panels can be assembled within a room to complete a project
- warehouse match - pre-manufactured panels– least expensive
- sequence match
- blueprint match - panels precisely fit the room and line up with every obstruction so grain continuity is not interrupted
HPDL AKA_____
plastic laminate
substrates for HPDL
which is most common?
particle board, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), hardboard, and veneer core
45lbm density particleboard is one of the most commonly used.
MDF is the second most used. it’s better in many ways but it’s more expensive
standing trim vs running trim
standing trim: fixed length. door or window casing. can be installed with a single length of wood
running trim: an item of continuing length, such as a baseboard, chair rail, or cornice
how is wood molding different from standing trim and running trim?
it is finish carpentry not millwork
it is ordered by number and comes in standard profiles and sizes
is shrinkage and swelling more of an issue with finish carpentry or millwork?
finish carpentry
______ is a synthetic material that creates a very hard durable finish on wood. although difficult to repair or refinish, this finish type offers superior resistance to abrasion and to penetration or damage from water and many commercial and household chemicals.
polyurethane
_____ are another type of synthetic material that give the hardest, most durable finish possible. they have 80% of the hardness of glass
polyester
As with the opaque finish, both polyurethane and polyester provide the most durable transparent finish for for wood. They are are the most __________ of the finishing systems and require _______ applicators.
expensive
skilled
two types of wood stain
water-based and solvent-based
water-based stain
yield a uniform color, but it raises the grain
solvent-based stains
dry quickly and do not raise the grain, less uniform
_____ is a term for homogeneous, polymer-based surfacing materials
solid surfacing
standard thickness for solid surface countertop
3/4”
______ is a process by which crushed quartz particles are set in a thermoplastic polyester resin with mineral oxide pigments to create a durable and scratch-resistant surfacing material
quartz surfacing
quartz is stronger than ___ and ____
marble and granite
pros of quartz
- very hard and highly stain resistant- ideal for use in healthcare and food service applications- class a flame-spread rating- emits no VOCs
in general, most building codes regulate the use of woodwork as ____ but not ____
wall or ceiling finish, but not the use of wood in furniture or cabinets
2 ways to help the environment in specifying architectural woodwork
- specify wood from sustainable-yield forests
- select one of the hundreds of alternate domestic species that are plentiful in supply (example: composite wood veneers)
