Chapter 21 - Analysis of Products and Details Flashcards
When should materials and products first be reviewed to verify that they still meet the basic design and aesthetic needs of the client?
final stages of DD
often during SD, other factors cause the designer to change materials
What is an MSDS
Material Safety and Data Sheet
OSHA requires MSDS’s for which products?
potentially hazardous products
Do MSDS’s contain long term health info?
no
What comes on an MSDS?
it’s a sheet containing information about the physical makeup of a substance, proper procedures for storage and handling, and what to do in case of a spill- name and address of the manufacturer- identification of the substance- physical data- fire and explosion data- info on toxicity, health effects, first aid for exposure- reactivity with other substances- storage and disposal - conditions to avoid- spill and leak procedures- protective equipment required if any
the process of working out the technical requirements of how individual components fit together
detailing
the manner in which an assembly of several parts is organized and connected
detail
detailing serves three objectives
- must resolve how to physically connect the various components of the design2. solve functional problems (ex: how to cover base building construction )3. it’s a way to enhance the design intent of the project and contribute to the overall look
developing or reviewing a detail is a way of satisfying the requirements in the four categories of ___, ____, ____, and _____.
design intent
constraints
function
constructability
Categories/characteristics that must be considered in a construction assembly’s design or evaluation
- Design Intent
- Constraints
- Function
- Durability and Maintainability
- Constructibility
What are some examples of design constraints encountered during the detailing process?
Code requirements
Substrates
Costs
Industry Standards
Material Availability
Climate
Labor and Construction Practices
Code Requirements as a Design Constraint during detailing
checking code compliance should be an automatic reaction when developing or reviewing details
Substrates as a Design Constraint during Detailing
ID details are always built on or as a part of other construction (either base building or other interior elements). Details must take into account all of the surrounding details
Costs as a Design Constraint during Detailing
how to strike the balance between client needs, initial costs, and life-cycle costs. any design an detailing work must fit within the overall cost limitations.
Industry Standards as a Design Constraint during Detailing
conforming to industry standards does 2 things:
1. increases the likelihood that the detail will work
2. minimizes potential liability if something goes wrongnew design approaches should be used only when necessary or when a standard method will not work
the proposed building techniques for the new method need to be precisely defined and thoroughly researched
Material Availability as a Design Constraint during Detailing
labor AND material vary with location. construction is a geographically localized industry. any material can be shipped but the cost may not be justified ex: Italian marble will likely be more $ than US marble
Climate as a Design Constraint during Detailing
examples: detailing the entrance of a door in a snowy vs not snowy climate
window coverings in a building using passive solar design
Labor and Construction Practices as a Design Constraint during Detailing
All construction details should be developed and reviewed to ensure they conform to the standard methods of construction, both generally and in the project’s specific geographic location
The function of a design detail should account for:
concealment and finish
human fit
safety
security
Concealment and Finish for Function in Detailing
the simplest functional purpose of a detail is to conceal other rough construction or to simply provide a finishex: a base not only provides protection from maintenance work but also conceals the gap between the floor and the bottom edge of gypsum wallboard
Human Fit for Function in Detailing
humans come in direct contact with interior details often. ex: clerical work surface may be designed with a larger drawer under the counter but they still need sufficient knee space
Safety for Function in Detailing (there are three aspects of this)
structural safety - will it physically collapse or otherwise fail, causing harm?
fire safety - is the material fire resistant enough for its intended use? will it produce smoke or toxic fumes?
safety with human contact - sharped edges that could cut people, wet floors that promote slipping, poorly designed stairs that cause falls
Security for Function in Detailing
providing protection against:
1. theft
2. vandalism
3. intentional physical harm
What is one of the most troublesome area of construction design and detailing?
controlling moistureex: areas around showers, tubs, kitchens, mechanical rooms, pools, and any other interior space where excess moisture is present
Sustainability while Detailing
- embodied energy of the materials used should be as low as possible (blocking and finish materials alike)- materials and components should be made from as many renewable materials or recycled content as possible- details should reduce energy consumption in the bldg (ex: adding insulation in a small gap in a detail can yield significant energy savings, especially if the detail is repeated hundreds of times)- materials come from local sources- adhesives and finishes should be low VOC (ex: using mechanical fasteners instead of construction mastics)- detail should be designed for easy deconstruction for ease of recyclability
Constructability while detailing (6 words)
- connection
- structure
- movement
- tolerances
- clearances
- construction trade sequence
Connection (constructability while detailing)
how are various parts of the detail attached to one another and the substrate
1. rigid connection (ex: plaster and lath)
2. rigid but adjustable (ex: a ledger screwed to a wall)
3. flexible to allow for movement (ex: expansion joint)
Structure (constructability while detailing)
strength required by the detail to resist the forces applied to it as well as its own weight and loading
Movement (constructability while detailing)
makes provisions for both movement of the detail (if any) and of the building that the detail must accommodateex: a partition that extends or the structure above must allow for deflection of the floor above
Tolerance ((constructability while detailing)
each element of construction is built to a different closeness to perfection tolerances for many construction components have been established by various trade organizations and are accepted as norms if you specify a tighter tolerance than the norm, it can result in more time/cost
Clearances (constructability while detailing)
ex: shim space around doors and windows is provided so the door or window can be slipped into the rough opening and leveled and plumbed before being attached to the framing
Construction Trade Sequence (constructability while detailing)
the best details are those that allow for construction to proceed directly from one trade to another in a timely fashion
Considerations for moisture and weathering while detailing
material permeabilitymaterial durabilityaggravating circumstances -will conditions such as pressure, puncture, or abuse cause a normally water-resistant detail to leak?joints -are joints constructed, flashed, and sealed so that water cannot enter?capillary action -does the material have tiny joints or holes that can admit water?sealants -have the proper types of sealants been selected?
