Principles of Neoplasia

Question 1

What do cervical dysplasia, endometrial hyperplasia, cirrhosis, ulcerative colitis, chronic atrophic gastritis have in common?

Answer 1

Acquired preneoplasic disorders

Question 2

Test to screen potential carcinogens

Answer 2

The Ames test

*detects potential carcinogens on bacterial cells culture

Question 3

Why does Xeroderma Pigmentosum leads a higher risk of skin cancer?

Answer 3

Defect in DNA repair ▶️ pyrimidine dimer cannot be repaired

Question 4

What does the ionizing radiation produces at cellular level as carcinogenic?

Answer 4

Cross-linking and chain breaks in nucleic acids

Question 5

What have more prognostic value when evaluating a tumor?

Answer 5

Stage (spread) almost always has more than grade

Question 6

Carcinogens that can cause hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 6

HBV, HCV
Aflaxtoxins (aspergillus)
Ethanol

Question 7

Second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoke

Answer 7

Radon

Question 8

Principals neoplasms associated with arsenic

Answer 8

Liver angiosarcoma
Lung cancer
Skin Squamous cell carcinoma

“LiLuS”

Question 9

Which neoplasms may you find with alkaline phosphatase elevated?

Answer 9

Metastases to bone or liver

Seminoma (placental ALP)

Question 10

Neoplasms where yo may find elevated Alfa-fetoprotein?

Answer 10

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoblastoma
Yolk sac tumor
Mixed germ cell tumor

Question 11

Pair each cancer with its serum tumor marker:
CA 15-3/CA 27-29
CA 19-9 
CA 125
Calcitonin

Answer 11

Breast
Pancreatic
Ovarian
Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Question 12

What primary tumor that metastasized to bone is the only to show a different pattern of metastases respect the others? Which is that pattern?

Answer 12

Prostate, blastic

*predilection for axial skeleton