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Pathology > Hematopoetic Pathology - WBC Disorders, Lymphoid, Myeloid Neoplasm > Flashcards

Hematopoetic Pathology - WBC Disorders, Lymphoid, Myeloid Neoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the utility of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase?

A

⬆️ ▶️ benign reactions

⬇️ ▶️ chronic myelocytic leukemia

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2
Q

What situations can lead in monocytosis? Value.

A
  • autoimmune disease (RA, inflammatory bowel disease)
  • chronic Infections ▶️ Tuberculosis
  • malignancy

*>800 cells/mm3

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3
Q

In what cases can you find eosinophilia? What type of infections can lead on it? Value.

A
  • Type I hypersensibility reaction (asthma, penicillin reaction)
  • Protozoal disease ▶️ Dientamoeba fragilis (only protozoal infection with eosinophilia)
  • Invasive helminthic infection ▶️ strongyloidiasis, hookworm

*>400 cells/mm3

⏺ Pinworms and adult ascariasis are not accompanied by eosinophilia (noninvasive)

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4
Q

What cells in infectious mononucleosis are enlarged, with abundant cytoplasm condensed at periphery (“ballerina skirt” appearance)?

A

Cytotoxic (CD8) T-lymphocytes ▶️ form atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells)

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5
Q

Heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis is most likely caused by

A

CMV

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6
Q

B-cell lineage marker of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A

CD19, CD10

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7
Q

Most common type of B-cell lineage of ALL. Age group affected.

A

Early pre-B-ALL

Children

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8
Q

Common sites of infiltration of ALL

A

CNS and testes ▶️ sanctuary sites

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9
Q

What does the smudge cells (“parachute cells”) suggest?

A

T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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10
Q

Most common form of non-Hodgking lymphoma, typical translocation found on it

A

Follicular lymphoma

Translocation (14;18)

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11
Q

Most common bone marrow primary tumor in adults

A

Multiple myeloma

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12
Q

M spike of IgM in protein electrophoresis suggests

A

Lymphoplasmacitic lymphoma

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13
Q

Infectious agent associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)

A

HTLV-1

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14
Q

Most common finding that is diagnostic of Hodgkin lymphoma. Surface markers of most subtypes, which subtype is negative for them?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells
CD15, CD30
Lymphocyte-predominant type

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15
Q

Distinctive and pathognomonic finding of acute myelogenous leukemia. Which is the most common form and characteristics translocation?

A

Myeloblasts with Auer rods
M3
t(15;17)

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16
Q

Genetic finding of chronic myelogenous leukemia and its implication

A

Philadelphia chromosome: t(9;22)

Protein P210 ▶️ tyrosine kinase activity

17
Q

Why does pruritus and gastric ulcers occur in polycythemia vera? Complication.

A

Basophils ▶️ ⬆️ histamine

Bleeding gastric ulcer ▶️ iron deficiency

18
Q

Finding of essential thrombocythemia at bone marrow and peripheral blood smear. Important clinical feature.

A

BM: ⬆️ megakaryocytes, PB: >1.000.000 platelets

Excessive bleeding, occlusion of small vessels

19
Q

Findings of myelofibrosis at bone marrow aspiration and blood smear

A

BM: “dry tap”, hypocellular + fibrosis (⬆️ reticulin), fibroblast proliferation (no neoplastic)
BS: leukoerythroblastosis, tear drop RBC

20
Q

What surface marker is reduced in neutrophilic leukocytosis? Why?

A 
Fc receptor (CD16)
Bacterial infection or tissue necrosis ▶️ Immature forms (left shift)
21
Q

Classically what suggests basophilia?

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

22
Q

What bacteria is the exception since that it causes lymphocytic leukocytosis? Why?

A

Bordetella pertussis

Lymphocytic promoting factor

23
Q

What neoplasia is associated with eosinophilia? Which mechanism allows that?

A 
Lymphoma Hodgkin (Mixed cellularity type)
⬆️ IL-5
24
Q

What region of the lymph node is enlarged in infectious mononucleosis leading in generalized lymphadenopathy?

A

Paracortex

25
Q

Splenomegaly in infectious mononucleosis is caused by enlarge of which zone?

A

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) of the white pulp

26
Q

What are the risks if dormancy of EBV in B lymphocytes occurs?

A

Recurrence of infectious mononucleosis

B-cell lymphoma (specially in immunodeficiency)

27
Q

Based on clinical presentation if there is bone lytic lesions how do you differentiate multiple myeloma from adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma?

A

Skin rash in ATLL (HTLV-1 virus associated)

28
Q

What type of myeloproliferative disorder doesn’t have hyperuricemia and then risk of gout associated?

A

Essential thrombocythemia

29
Q

Why does multiple myeloma cause bone pain, hypercalcemia and lytic lesions on x-ray commonly in skull and vertebrae? What risk does it confer?

A

Proliferation of plasma cells ▶️ ⬆️ osteoclast activating factor + ⬆️ RANK receptor on osteoclasts
⬆️ risk of fracture

30
Q

Most common cause of death in multiple myeloma?

A

Infections

*monoclonal antibodies lack antigenic diversity

Pathology (29 decks)

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