Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology

Question 1

What is the Boerhaave syndrome?

Answer 1

Esophageal rupture as a complication of Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 2

Neoplasia associated with achalasia and Barret’s esophagus respectively.

Answer 2

• Achalasia ▶️ squamous cell carcinoma (most common in world)
• Barret’s esophagus ▶️ adenocarcinoma (most common in USA)

Question 4

Clinically how do you differentiate duodenal atresia and pyloric stenosis?

Answer 4

• pyloric stenosis: non-bilious, projectile vomiting, palpable abdominal “olive”
• duodenal atresia: bilious vomiting, double bubble sign on x-ray

Question 5

Gastric ulcer caused by severe burns or trauma

Answer 5

Curling ulcers

Question 6

Gastric ulcers caused by elevated intracranial pressure

Answer 6

Cushing ulcers

Question 7

Type of gastritis associated with helicobacter pylori. What other associations occur with it?

Answer 7

• Antral type (B) chronic gastritis
• gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers
• gastric carcinoma

*most common chronic gastritis in USA

Question 8

Specific places of gastric carcinoma metastasis

Answer 8

• left supraclavicular lymph node ▶️ Virchow sentinel node

- ovary ▶️ krukenberg tumor

Question 9

Causes of colitis pseudo membranous

Answer 9

• clostridium difficile ▶️ secondary to antibiotic use (clindamycin, ampicillin)
• ischemic bowel disease

Question 10

Which type of polyps have a higher probability to progress to colonic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 10

Adenomatous tubular (histology) pedunculated (appearance)

Question 11

Pathology that are risk factors to colonic adenocarcinoma

Answer 11

• adenomatous colonic polyps
• hereditary polyposis syndrome
• lynch syndrome
• ulcerative colitis

*“alone and group polyps lyve ulcerating”

Question 12

What marker do you use to monitor recurrence in colonic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 12

CEA

Question 13

How do you support the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 13

Urinary elevation of 5-HIAA

*serotonin ▶️ 5-HIAA
MAO