Bone Pathology Flashcards
What do elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin suggest?
⬆️ bone turnover
What is the most severe type of osteogenesis imperfecta?
Type II - stillborn or death after birth with crumpled bones
Most common mutation in achondroplasia, what is the consequence?
FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3)
⬇️ endochondral bone formation ▶️ premature ossification of growth plates
Cause of osteopetrosis, why does the malignant type occur?
Osteoclasts dysfunction
Myelophthisic process ▶️ replacement of bone marrow by fibrous* or neoplastic tissue
Complications of paget disease
Arteriovenous shunts within marrow ▶️ high output cardiac failure
⬆️ risk osteosarcoma, other sarcomas
Association in pathogenesis of paget disease, urinary and serum markers
Paramyxovirus infection
⬆️ serum alkaline phosphatase, ⬆️ urinary Hydroxyproline
How do you differentiate osteomalacia from osteoporosis?
- osteomalacia: ⬇️ Ca, PO4, ⬆️ alkaline phosphatase
- osteoporosis: normal markers
Common complications of tuberculous osteomyelitis
Fracture, secondary amyloidosis, psoas abscesses
Common background and association of osteitis fibrosa cystica
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Common associations or diseases found to present with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Paraneoplasic syndrome (bronchogenic carcinoma), chronic lung disease, cyanotic congenital heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease
Bone tumor that involves mainly diaphysis of long bones, microscopy pathology shows homer wright pseudorosettes composed by undifferentiated small, blue, round cells. Genetic finding and product of it.
Ewing sarcoma
t(11;22) ▶️ EWS-FLI1 fusion protein
Findings on x-ray that suggest osteosarcoma
Codman triangle, “sunburst” pattern, bone destruction
Bone tumor involving methaphyses of long bones, microscopy pathology shows anaplastic cells producing osteoid and bone
Osteosarcoma
