Anemias Flashcards
In what conditions can you see schistocytes?
- microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- traumatic hemolysis
When do you use retuculocyte production index?
“shift cells” (bone marrow reticulocytes) in peripheral blood smear
What causes the trapping of iron in anemia of chronic disease? Where is the iron trapped?
- IL-1, hepcidin (liver) ▶️ avoid release iron stores
- bone marrow macrophages
Consequences of B-thalassemia major
- ineffective erithropoiesis
- hemolysis ▶️ jaundice, ⬆️ risk bilirubin gallstones
- lifelong transfusions ▶️ secondary hemochromatosis
- CHF (most common cause of death)
What type of thalassemia do you expect to fin Hb Barts (4 gamma)?
Hydrops fetalis
* Alfa-thalassemia 0 Alfa genes (–/–)
Which type of microcytic anemia can develop hemolysis?
Thalassemia syndromes
*depends of number of gene deleted
“Crewcut” in skull X-ray, “chipmunk face”, microcytic/hypochromic anemia, target cells, increased reticulocytes, HbF (90%), increased HbA2, decreased HbA
B-thalassemia major (Cooley anemia)
Why is the hydroxyurea used to treat sickle cell disease?
⬆️ HbF ▶️ makes symptoms better
Rod-shaped crystals in RBC is characteristic of what type of anemia?
Hemoglobin C disease
Laboratory test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- sucrose lysis tat
- ham test
Why occur paroxysms hemolysis at night in PNH?
During sleep ▶️ slow breath ▶️ ⬆️ CO2 ▶️ acidosis
Neurological symptoms by vitamin B12 deficiency, why does it occur?
- subacute combined degeneration ▶️ demyelination lateral and posterior portion of spinal cord
- posterior: loss vibration and position; lateral: arm and leg dystaxia (spinocerebellar tract), spastic paralysis (corticospinal tract)
What can cause a secondary polycythemia?
- ⬇️ O2 supply to tissue ▶️ COPD, cyanotic congenital heart disease
- renal cell carcinoma ▶️ ⬆️ EPO
