Enocrine Pathology Flashcards
Microscopic changes of hashimoto thyroiditis
Lymphocytic inflammation with germinal centers, epithelial “Hürthle cell”
Destruction of thyroid gland by dense fibrosis and fibrosis of surrounding structures, mimic carcinoma
Riedel thyroiditis
Type of adenoma associated with carcinoma of thyroid
“Cold” - non-functioning
Origin of medullary carcinoma, secretion and associated with what syndrome?
C cells (parafollicular cells)
Calcitonina
MEN II, III syndrome (minority: 25%)
Anaplastic carcinoma most common sites of metastasis
Trachea, esophagus
Some causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Chronic renal failure, deficiency of malabsorption of vitamin D
Symptoms and signs of hypoparathyroidism
- symptoms and signs of hypocalcemia:
Chvostek, trousseau, psychiatric disturbances, cardiac conduction defects (prolonged QT interval)
Most common type of pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
Causes of panhypopituitarism
Pituitary adenomas
Sheehan syndrome
Craniopharyngioma (most common in children)
Most common cause of SIADH
Paraneoplasic syndrome (cancer): small cell lung cancer (although any lung lesion),
*marker of occult malignancy
How do you differentiate central vs nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Water deprivation ▶️ give ADH:
- respond: central
- not respond: nephrogenic
Causes of adrenogenital syndromes
Adrenocortical adenoma/carcinoma (excess androgens production)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (enzyme defects, most common 21 hydroxylase deficiency)
Cause of Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome (acute adrenal insufficiency), pathogenesis, main age group affected
Neisseria meningitidis infection ▶️ bilateral adrenal hemorrhagic infarction
Children
Cause of Addison’s disease (chronic adrenocortical insufficiency)
Destruction of adrenal cortex (autoimmune, TB, cancer) ▶️ deficiency glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens
What must you do in a phechromocytoma patient previous to a resection tumor surgery?
Hypertension controlled with Alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine) ▶️ avoid ⬆️ BP during surgery
