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Linguistics > Pragmatics > Flashcards

Pragmatics Flashcards

1
Q

… are an important part of how meaning is generated

A

Contextual factors

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2
Q

Pragmatics

A

The area of language study associated with exploring how contextual factors influence meaning

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3
Q

Semantics

A

Study of meaning

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4
Q

Embodied

Eg

A

Gives concrete form to an abstract idea

World Cup May evoke different meanings

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5
Q

Schema

A

A bundle of knowledge about a key concept, person or event

Spain (hot weather, beaches)

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6
Q

Schemas are bundles of _ built up from our experience in the world and are _ in that they can be amended and added
For example going to Brazil would alter and add to your knowledge of it.

A

Information

Dynamic

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7
Q

Surrounding text/ co text

A

Other words or phrases surrounding a word in a text (may not be useful)

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8
Q

Embodied knowledge

A

Knowledge that’s associated with memories of physically experiencing something

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9
Q 
Conversational maxim
Name them (4)
A 
Any of 4 rules proposed by Grace (1975)
Maxim of quantity 
Maxim of quality
Maxim of relevance
Maxim of manner
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10
Q

Maxim of quantity

A

Don’t say too little or too much

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11
Q

Maxim of quality

A

Speak the truth

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12
Q

Maxim of relevance

A

Keep what’s being discussed relevant to topic in hand

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13
Q

Maxim of manner

A

Be clear and avoid ambiguity

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14
Q

Implicaturs

A

Implied meanings that listeners were intended to infer from speakers’ comments

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15
Q

Positive face needs

A

Need to feel appreciated and valued

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16
Q

Negative face

A

Desire to feel independent and not be imposed upon

17
Q

Face threatening acts

A

Speech act that has potential to damage someone’s self esteem either in terms of positive or negative face

18
Q

Politeness strategies

A

Dinstictive ways in which speakers can choose to speak to avoid threatening face

19
Q

Deixis

A

use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context

20
Q

Deictic words

A

Words that are context-bound in so far as their meaning depends on who’s using them, where they are using them, and when they’re using them

21
Q

Deictic terms belong to one of a number of …

A

Deictic categories

22
Q

3 deictic categories

A

Person deixis
Spatial deixis
Temporal deixis

23
Q

Person deixis

A

Names and personal pronouns

24
Q

Spatial deixis

A

Adverbs of place such as “here” and “there”, demonstratives W bowing locations like “this” and “that”, oriental words like “left” and “right” and deictic verbs like “come” and “go”

25
Q

Temporal deixis

A

Adverbs of time like “today”, “yesterday” and “tomorrow”

Each of these both locates a speaker in and points from a particular deictic centre

26
Q

When are deictic expressions used

A

When speakers share the same time and space since they can point to objects and refer to events that can commonly be understood

27
Q

Proximal deixis

A

Near or close to the speaker

28
Q

Distal deixis

A

Far from the speaker

29
Q

Positive politeness

A

Shared dialect, informal grammar and lexis, emphasises solidarity with friends

30
Q

Negative politeness

A

More formal deixis and grammar, to emphasise a social distance and gain respect

31
Q

Who thought up the politeness theory

A

Brown and Levison

32
Q

Politeness theory features (4)

A

Present a persona
Try to be accepted, liked
Be polite and friendly to others
Get what we want

33
Q

Antecedent

A

An expression that gives its meaning to a pro form

34
Q

Anaphora

A

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences, phrases, or clauses

35
Q

Presupposition

A

What the speaker assumes is known by the hearer

36
Q

It’s not about what you say, it’s about…

List all features

A 
How you say it
Pauses
Stress
Rhythm
Intonation 
Pitch
Volume
Pace
37
Q

Pauses effect

A

Can be awkward or for effect

38
Q

Stress effect

A

Each word/phrase has a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables - called natural changing

Linguistics (93 decks)

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