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Linguistics > Lexis And Semantics > Flashcards

Lexis And Semantics Flashcards

1
Q

Dynamic verbs are…

A

Physical actions

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2
Q

Stative verbs are…

A

States or conditions

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3
Q

Types of dynamic verbs (2)

A

Material

Verbal

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4
Q

Types of stative verbs (2)

A

Relational

Mental

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5
Q

Material verbs as eg

A

Shows actions or events

eg hit, jump, build

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6
Q

Verbal verbs and eg

A

Of communicating through speech

eg say, shout, scream, whisper

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7
Q

Relational verbs and eg

A

Identifies properties or shows states of being

eg be, appear, seem, become

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8
Q

Mental verbs and eg

A

Shows internal processes such as thinking

eg think, believe, wish

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9
Q

Main verb eg

A

In a clause or sentence is the single verb that expresses the main meaning
Eg he BAKES cookies,

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10
Q

Auxiliary verbs

A

(Helping verbs) are verbs that are placed in front of main verbs

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11
Q

Types of auxiliary verbs (2)

A

Primary auxiliary verb

Modal auxiliary verbs

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12
Q

Primary auxiliary verbs

A

Be, have, do

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13
Q

Modal auxiliary verbs

A

Only ever used in conjunction with the main verb

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14
Q

List of modal auxiliary verbs (9)

A 
Can
Will
Shall
May 
Must
Could
Would
Should
Might
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15
Q

Main Verb tenses (4)

A

Infinitive
Past form
Past principle
Present participle

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16
Q

Other verb tenses (9)

A 
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
Present simple
Present continuous
Present perfect
Future simple 
Future continuous 
Future perfect
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17
Q

Past simple formation and eg

A

Past form of the verb

I ate a sandwich

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18
Q

Past continuous formation and eg

A

‘To be’ past tense + present participle of verb

I was eating

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19
Q

Past perfect formation and eg

A

Past form of ‘have’ + past principle

I had eaten

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20
Q

Present simple formation and eg

A

Infinitive form of the verb

I eat

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21
Q

Present continuous formation and eg

A

‘To be’ + present participle

I am eating

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22
Q

Present perfect formation and eg

A

‘Have’ + past principle

I have eaten

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23
Q

Future simple formation and eg

A

‘Will’ + infinitive

I will eat

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24
Q

Future continuous formation and eg

A

‘Will/shall’ + ‘be’ + present participle

I will be eating

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25
Q

Future perfect formation and eg

A

‘Will/shall’ + have + eaten

I will have eaten

26
Q

Actively voiced verb and eg

A

The person/thing performing action is emphasised as the subject of the verb
The minister has issued an apology
Thieves robbed a woman

27
Q

Passively voiced verb and eg

A

Emphasis shifts to the object of the verb (the person or thing to which something has been done)
Order of sentence is reversed
An apology has been issued by the minister
A woman was robbed (by thieves)

28
Q

Types of adverbs and eg (4)

A

Time
At 2 o clock, before, in the afternoon

Place
In the garden, there, here

Manner
Quickly, drunkenly, suddenly

Frequency
Sometimes, often, never

29
Q

Proper nouns and eg

A

Refer to names of people or places

James, England

30
Q

Abstract nouns and eg

A

Refer to states, feelings and concepts that don’t have a physical existence
Love, anger

31
Q

Concrete nouns and eg

A

Refer to objects that have a physical existence
Countable (eg cup)
Uncountable (furniture

32
Q

Countable nouns and eg

A

Can be pluralised

Eg box, key, umbrella

33
Q

Mass noun and eg

A

Can’t be pluralised

Advice, water, sympathy

34
Q

Base adjectives and adverbs and eg

A

Basic form of an adjective or adverb, modifying another word

Big, interesting, carefully

35
Q

Comparative adjectives and adverbs and eg

A

A form used to compare 2 instances ether adding -er or using ‘more’
The parcel was bigger
That was a more interesting game

36
Q

Superlative adjectives and adverbs and eg

A

A form used to compare more than 2 instances, identifying a best example
That was the biggest parcel
The most interesting game

37
Q

Personal pronouns and eg

A

Refer to people and are differentiated in terms of person (1st, 2nd and third), number (singular/plural) and gender (male/female)

38
Q

Demonstrative pronoun and eg

A

Orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object, or idea either nearby or further away
This, these, that, those

39
Q

Indefinite pronoun and eg

A

Refer to a person, object or idea that’s non specific

Someone, anybody, everything

40
Q

Articles (determiner) and eg

A

Show that something is definite or indefinite

The (definite), a/an (indefinite)

41
Q

Possessives (determiners) and eg

A

Show ownership

My, your, her, our

42
Q

Quantifiers (determiners) and eg

A

Show either specific or non-specific quantities of a noun

One, two (specific), some, any a few (non specific)

43
Q

Co-ordinating conjunctions and eg

A

Link words or larger structures such as phrases and clauses together where they are equal
And, but, or, yet

44
Q

Sub-ordinating conjunctions

A

Link clauses together to show one is dependent on another

Because, although, while, for

45
Q

Adjective

A

Words which single out some feature or quality of a noun or product

46
Q

Types of adjectives (3)

A

Comparative
Superlative
Same degree

47
Q

Comparative adjective

A

(‘-er’ or ‘more’)

48
Q

Superlative adjective

A

(‘-est’ or ‘most’)

49
Q

Same degree adjective

A

(‘As…as’)

50
Q

Modifier

A

A word, usually noun or adjective, used attributively that qualifies the sense of a noun
Adverbs of a comment also acts as modifiers

51
Q

Common noun and eg

A

Describe broader categories of entities and concepts

Eg street, dog, television

52
Q

Collective nouns and eg

A

Used to refer to a group of animals, people or objects

Eg a flock of birds, a pack of lions

53
Q

Noun phrase and eg

A

A group of words headed by a noun that includes modifiers

Eg The dog in the window, a foggy March night

54
Q

Metaphor and eg

A

A direct comparison of 2 objects, people or things
Eg
Eg his moral compass was in need of some tuning, he has a broken heart

55
Q

Simile and eg

A

When one thing is like or similar to something else

Eyes blue as sapphires, She fell over like a sack of potatoes

56
Q

Personification

A

When something non-human is given a human characteristic

Eg the lightning danced

57
Q

Synonym and eg

A

Word that shares a similar or identical meaning with another word
Eg tally add, smell stink, rich wealthy

58
Q

Antonym and eg

A

A word that has an opposite meaning from another word

Eg, scared brave, fast slow, small huge

59
Q

Head word and eg

A

The word in a phrase that determines the syntactic category that phrase
Eg boiling hot WATER

60
Q

Modifier meaning and eg

A

words, phrases, or clauses that add description to sentences

Eg the BIG dog, a TINY bug

Linguistics (93 decks)

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