Child Language) Is CDS Good For Development Flashcards
Yes. 3
Clarke stewart - children whose mothers talk more have larger vocabularies
Snow - speech directed at children was shown to provide clear, simplified entry point into complexities of language learning
Cambridge uni- children rather be spoken to in cds as brain synchronises with rhythmic nature of utterances
No. 2
Chomsky - cds is damaging
Pinker - cds performed by only small number of mc families showing it’s not necessary as not universally available
Nature. 2
Chomsky
Piaget
Nurture. 5
Skinner Bruner Vygotsky Tomasello Lenneberg
Chomsky. 4
Nativist
All humans born with innate language learning capacity
Known for creating idea of LAD
Human brain has naturally programmed ability to learn language
Chomskys theory is in response to _ theory
Skinners
What justifies LAD
Virtuous errors
Criticisms of Chomsky . 2
LAD Doesn’t place enough importance on role of caregiver in influencing language
No practical experiments to prove his theory
Piaget. 3
Cognitive theorists
Developing cognitive understanding built on interaction between child and things that can be observed, touched and manipulated eg use of words like ‘bigger’ depends on child’s understanding of concepts they represent
Children wouldn’t develop until stages of cognitive development had been reached
Piaget stages of development. 4
Sensorimotor
Pre operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Sensorimotor stage. 3
0-2 years
Child is egocentric
Child understands object permanence
Pre operational stage. 2
2-6 years
Develops imaginative focus
Concrete operational stage. 3
6/7-11/12 years
Stops being egocentric
Understands others pov
Formal operational stage. 2
11/12-16 years
More abstract thinking
Lenneberg. 2
Critical thinking hypothesis
Acquisition of normal language guaranteed up to 6
Skinner. 4
Eg
Behaviourist theory
Saw language as another form of learned behaviour
Children start with tabula rasa
Children learn through positive and negative reinforcement
Eg babbling
Criticisms of skinner
Over correcting children’s speech can have bad effect, as there’s some stages where children start to apply grammar, that they go through and learn naturally
Bruner. 4
Social interactionist theory
LASS
Children need adult input to aid development
Scaffolding enables children to gradually develop speech due to quality input from caregivers to facilitate learning
Vygotsky. 3
Social interactionist theory
MKO
Adult can direct child to move into zpd if supporting them as they have more knowledge than them
MKO
More knowledgeable other
Zpd
Zone of proximal development
Area just beyond what child can already do, caregiver might provide support for child to venture beyond their current abilities
LASS
Language acquisition support system
Refers to caregivers etc
Positive reinforcement
If child is right, caregiver praises them encouraging them to do it again
Negative reinforcement
Less favourable response won’t be praised in hope child stops using it
Tabula rasa.
Latin for blank slate
Universal grammar
Idea that all human languages possess similar grammatical properties which the brain is hard wired to be able to decode and use
Who thought of universal grammar
Chomsky
Virtuous errors
Grammatical errors that are understandable and logical through an incorrect assumption being made about grammar rules
Genie case study
From 20 months to 13 years
Locked up by father and exposed to no social interaction
When found she had no speech and despite help, couldn’t acquire language beyond a basic level
Tomasello. 3
Rejects Chomsky
Outlines usage based model of language acquisition and development, arguing against language being a special ‘instinct’
Instead sees language learning as both primarily social and relies on using same kinds of cognitive processes as other learning forms eg walking, drawing
List of other social interactionists. 3
Ninio
Pea
Snow
Behaviourists believe …
Language developed through imitating others language and gaining positive and negative feedback from adults
Social intercationists believe …
Children’s early language can be influenced and improved by adult carers adjusting their own speech patterns
Nativist theorists believe …
Language is innate, we’re pre programmed to acquire it
Cognitive theorists believe …
Language grows when children’s ideas about world develops
Evidence to support Chomsky
Children acquire grammar rules without explicit instruction , So their acquisition of grammar rules is guided by the principle of universal grammar that’s plies to all languages
Studychallneging nativist theory.
Genie
Cognitive development meaning
Child’s development of thinking and understanding
Scaffolding
Support provided by caregivers through modelling how speech takes place in order to help child’s lan development
Egocentric
Thinking only of themselves, without regard of others
Object permenance
Understanding thst objects continue to exist even when they can’t be seen or touched
Diminutive
Reducing scale of object by addition, as phonetically easier for child to say
Eg dog to doggie
Theory to support Chomsky
How
Bergos wug test
Showed 1 wug and when shown 2 they said 2 wugs, showing they know how to add plural despite not knowing what it was
Therefore solid proof grammar rules were innate (built in brain)
Study to support critical thinking hypothesis
Genie (feral child) case study
