Language Change) World English Flashcards
ELF
English being used as a common language among speakers who come from different linguistic backgrounds
Elf refers to mostly languages from the …
Expanding circle
Jenkins points to 5 key characteristics of elf
Used by speakers of different languages letting them communicate with each other
Alternative to efl, not a replacement
Elf depend on specific communication rather than just being an ‘all purpose English’
Elf tends to be used for description for purpose of codification
Codification.
Action of arranging laws or rules according to a system of plan
Features of Jamaican English . 3
Th fronting
H dropping
Rhoticity used 21.7% of the time
Pluricentric
Language with several standard forms
Mono centric
Language with one standard form
Summarise 2 opposing arguments against elf
Elf is monolithic and mono centric.
Elf and efl are one and the same as elf lacks standards and therefore exhibits errors where departing from certain inner circle Englishes
Inner circle
Eg
Countries that speak English as their first language
Eg Canada, England, Wales
Outer circle
Eg
Countries that speak English but not as a first language
Eg Ghana, Nigeria
Expanding circle
English not spoken at all within that country
Eg japan
Who made the circle model
Kachru
Criticism of circle model
Doesn’t address diversity of Englishes within circle
Doesn’t take ‘grey’ area that exists between circles
Key characteristics of ELF. 3
Used by speakers of different languages allowing them to communicate with each other
Alternative to EFL rather than a replacement for it
Elf tends to be used for description for purpose of codification
Codification
Laying down a model for standard use of English
