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ZOO100 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Phylogeny > Postlab 2 - Protochordates and the Origin of Craniates > Flashcards

Postlab 2 - Protochordates and the Origin of Craniates Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of protochordates

A
  1. bilateral symmetry
  2. pharyngeal slits
  3. notochord
  4. dorsal hollow CNS
  5. postanal tail
  6. endostyle
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2
Q

subset of the larger group of animalia and share common features in development

A

basal deuterostomes

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3
Q
  • Cambrian to present
  • starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sea dasies, and crinoids
  • presence of calcium carbonate skeleton
  • presence of a secondary radial symmetry except in the most basal members
A

Echinoderms

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4
Q

proposed the establishment of Phylum Chordata

A

Ernst Haeckel (1874)

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5
Q

Different classes under Urochordata

A
  1. Ascidiacea
  2. Larvacea
  3. Thaliacea
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6
Q

sea squirts

A

Ascidiacea

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7
Q

larvaceans

A

larvacea

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8
Q

thaliaceans

A

thaliacea

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9
Q

lancelet or amphioxus

A

cephalochordata

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10
Q
  • acorn worms
  • marine organisms that live in the mud under shallow waters; fragile when handles; 1.5 m
  • with invertebrate and chordate features
A

hemichordates

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11
Q

added acorn worms to Phylum Chordata

A

Bateson (1884)

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12
Q

why did Bateson add acorn worms to Phylum Chordata

A
  1. dorsal, hollow NS
  2. gill slits
  3. stomochord
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13
Q
  • short diverticulum of the gut
  • not homologous with the notochord
A

stomochord

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14
Q

parts of the acorn worm

A
  1. proboscis
  2. collar
  3. trunk
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15
Q

different parts of acorn worm trunk

A
  1. branchiogenital
  2. hepatic
  3. abdominal
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16
Q
  • marine chordates
  • notochord is confined to the locomotor tail of the free-living larval stage and lost during metamorphosis into sessile adults
  • encolsed within a delicate, nonliving, and colored transparent tunic
  • filter feeders
  • possess pharyngeal slits
A

urochordata

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17
Q

Superclass under Subphylum Vertebrata

A
  1. Pisces
  2. Tetrapoda
18
Q

Classes under superclass Pisces

A
  1. Agnatha
  2. Placodermi
  3. Chondrichthyes
  4. Acanthodii
  5. Osteichthyes
19
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

  • all trunk; muscle segments that lie just under the skin
  • myomeres extend the entire length of the organism
A

locomotor musculature

20
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

Skin

A
  • single layer epidermis
  • thin dermis
  • cutaneous respiration
21
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

  • opens into the atrium which surrounds the pharynx laterally and ventrally
  • water that enters the pharynx is another source of oxygen
A

pharyngeal slits

22
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

  • extends from tip to the rostrum to the tip of the tails
  • muscular disc arranged like a long roll of coins separated by fluid-filled spaces
  • adaptation that facilitates burrowing in the sand
A

notochord

23
Q

what does the notochord support in Subphylum Cephalochordata

A
  1. pharyngeal bars
  2. buccal cirri
  3. mid-dorsal fin-like ridges
24
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

what lines the central canal

A

ependymal cells

25
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

surrounds the brain and spinal cord

A

leptomeninx

26
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

Food processing organs

A
  1. vestibule
  2. wheel organ
  3. buccal cirri
27
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

creates a steady flow of water through the mouth and into the pharynx

A

cilia

28
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

collective chamber of seawater

A

vestibule

29
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

covered with sticky mucus; retrieves some of the heavier food particles which directs it to the mouth and pharynx

A

wheel organ

30
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

partially strain water as it enters the vestibule

A

buccal cirri

31
Q

monitor the food that enters

A

chemoreceptors

32
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

not prominent cavity in adult

A

coelom

33
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

termination of venous system; beginning of arteries; not a pump

A

sinus venosus

34
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

Organs associated with eliminatio of metabolic waste

A
  1. cyrtopodocytes
  2. pedicels
  3. nephridial tubule
  4. flagellum
35
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

cells that collect the metabolic waste

A

cyrtopodocytes

36
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

footlike projections that make contact with an adjacent glomerulus (arterial rete)

A

pedicels

37
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

collects fluid from a cluster of cyrtopodocytes and empty into the atrium

A

nephridial tubule

38
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

from cyrtopodocyte that propell tubule fluids to the atrium

A

flagellum

39
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

bulge into the atrium into which sperm or egg are shed

A

gonads

40
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata:

how are gametes flushed into the sea

A

via atriopore

41
Q

ovaries and testes do not develop n the same individual

A

dioecious

42
Q

Classes under Superclass Tetrapoda

A
  1. Amphibia
  2. Reptilia
  3. Aves
  4. Mammalia

ZOO100 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Phylogeny (19 decks)

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