Lesson 2 - Studying Structure and Evolution Together Flashcards
- remembered for many scientific contributions including monographs on comparative anatomy
- remarked upon first hearing Darwin’s ideas of natural selection
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
what did Huxley become
Darwin’s Bulldog
- founder of comparative anatomy
- coupling and compatibility of parts and function they perform
- certain parts necessarily went together but others were mutually exclusive
- harmonized parts for an organism to perform properly
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
- supported the idea that species were immutable but emphasized that homologies should be further explained
- proposed archetypes
Richard Owen (1804-1892)
- biological blueprint or underlying body plan of organisms
- proposed by Richard Owen
archetypes
repeating series of vertebral untis as an underlying pattern of the vertebrate body
vertebrate archetype
external architect of animal design to fit current purposes
natural selection
- form and function
- integration of structure and function to animal design as possible blueprint for new forms
morphology
“structure with function”
George Cuvier
“archetypes behind structures”
Richard Owen
“structural change over time (evolution)”
Thomas Henry Huxley
Morphological concepts:
similarities
3 criteria
- ancestry
- function
- appearance
appearance
- homology
- analogy
- homoplasy
Morphological concepts:
symmetry
- radial
- bilateral
Morphological concepts:
segmentation
structure built of repeating sections
structure built of repeating or duplicated sections
segmentation
duplicated sections
metamere or segment
recognizes similarities based on common origin
homology
recognizes similarities based on similar function
analogy
includes mimicry and comouflage for concealing presence or resembling something unattractive, other than being homologous or analogous
homoplasy
body laid out equally from central axis where several planes passing through divides the animal into equal or mirror halves
radial
only through the midsagittal plane that divides the body into left and right mirror images
bilateral
in segmentation, each segment is __ (for reproduction success or for locomotion)
semiautonomous