Lesson 2 - Studying Structure and Evolution Together

Question 1

• remembered for many scientific contributions including monographs on comparative anatomy
• remarked upon first hearing Darwin’s ideas of natural selection

Answer 1

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)

Question 2

what did Huxley become

Answer 2

Darwin’s Bulldog

Question 3

• founder of comparative anatomy
• coupling and compatibility of parts and function they perform
• certain parts necessarily went together but others were mutually exclusive
• harmonized parts for an organism to perform properly

Answer 3

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Question 4

• supported the idea that species were immutable but emphasized that homologies should be further explained
• proposed archetypes

Answer 4

Richard Owen (1804-1892)

Question 5

• biological blueprint or underlying body plan of organisms
• proposed by Richard Owen

Answer 5

archetypes

Question 6

repeating series of vertebral untis as an underlying pattern of the vertebrate body

Answer 6

vertebrate archetype

Question 7

external architect of animal design to fit current purposes

Answer 7

natural selection

Question 8

• form and function
• integration of structure and function to animal design as possible blueprint for new forms

Answer 8

morphology

Question 9

“structure with function”

Answer 9

George Cuvier

Question 10

“archetypes behind structures”

Answer 10

Richard Owen

Question 11

“structural change over time (evolution)”

Answer 11

Thomas Henry Huxley

Question 12

Morphological concepts:
similarities

Answer 12

3 criteria
- ancestry
- function
- appearance

Question 13

appearance

Answer 13

• homology
• analogy
• homoplasy

Question 14

Morphological concepts:
symmetry

Answer 14

• radial
• bilateral

Question 15

Morphological concepts:
segmentation

Answer 15

structure built of repeating sections

Question 16

structure built of repeating or duplicated sections

Answer 16

segmentation

Question 17

duplicated sections

Answer 17

metamere or segment

Question 18

recognizes similarities based on common origin

Answer 18

homology

Question 19

recognizes similarities based on similar function

Answer 19

analogy

Question 20

includes mimicry and comouflage for concealing presence or resembling something unattractive, other than being homologous or analogous

Answer 20

homoplasy

Question 21

body laid out equally from central axis where several planes passing through divides the animal into equal or mirror halves

Answer 21

radial

Question 22

only through the midsagittal plane that divides the body into left and right mirror images

Answer 22

bilateral

Question 23

in segmentation, each segment is __ (for reproduction success or for locomotion)

Answer 23

semiautonomous