Lesson 2 - Historical Predecessors - Evolution

Question 1

the process by which living organisms change over time through changes in the genome

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

idea of change through time in animals and plants dates back to over how many years ago

Answer 2

2,500 years ago

Question 3

developed ideas about the course of change from fishlike and scaly animals to land forms

Answer 3

Anaximander

Question 4

• saw original creatures come together in oddly assembled ways - humans with heads of cattle, animals with branches like trees
• argued that most perished, but only those creatures who came together in practical ways survived

Answer 4

Empedocles

Question 5

• felt that species were fixed and unchangeable, and were created originally as we find them today
• devised a system for naming plants and animals

Answer 5

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 6

• species adaptations reflected the care exercised by the Creator
• diversity of plant and animal species was proof of God’s almighty power
• tackled the tricky question of why the Divine made obnoxious creatures

Answer 6

Reverend John Ray

Question 7

what did Reverend John Ray write

Answer 7

The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation

Question 8

• wrote Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity Collected from the Appearances of Nature
• archdeacon of Carlisle

Answer 8

William Paley

Question 9

• studied fossil fishes and was first to recognize evidence of the worldwide ice ages, episodes of glaciation in Earth’s history
• founded the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University
• remained unconvinced of Darwinian evolution to the end of his life

Answer 9

Louis Agassiz

Question 10

believed that living things evolved in a continuously upward direction, from dead matter, through simple to more complex forms, toward human “perfection”

Answer 10

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 11

what did Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck’s ideas spoke to

Answer 11

three issues of evolution

Question 12

three issues of evolution

Answer 12

• fact
• course
• mechanism

Question 13

species changed through time

Answer 13

fact of evolution

Question 14

a progressive change in species along an ascending scale, from the lowest on one end to the most complex and “perfect” (meaning humans) on the other

Answer 14

course of evolution

Question 15

need itself produced heritable evolutionary change

Answer 15

mechanism of evolution

Question 16

“as environments changed, a need arose, metabolism adjusted, and new organs were created. Once acquired, these new characteristics were passed on to offspring”

Answer 16

evolution by means of the inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 17

notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime

Answer 17

Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism

Question 18

• mechanism of evolution
• Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success
• process causes species to change and diverge over time

Answer 18

Natural selection

Question 19

who unveiled natural selection

Answer 19

• Charles Darwin
• Alfred Wallace

Question 20

natural selection favored individuals with __ __

Answer 20

superior characteristics