Pop Change Flashcards
2 components of population change
Natural change
Migration change
Natural change
Difference in crude birth rate and crude death rate.
br exceeds dr - pop grows - natural increase
Dr exceed br - natural decrease
Net migration change
Difference between number of immigrants entering and emigrants leaving area
Why does niger have highest birth rates and low death rates for being an lic?
Low death rate for a low income country.
Youthful pop
Healthcare improved as many NGOs provide medical aid
High natural pop growth
Pop expected to double in next 20 years
Why do japan and Russia have natural decease in pop?
Falling br / rise in dr
Ageing pop
Pro natal policies
Replacement rate is
Number of children each women needs to maintain current population levels
Measured by fertility rate
Hic -2.1
Lic-2.5-3.3
What are the inputs into the total population ?
Births
Immigrants
What are the outputs of total population ?
Deaths
Emigrants
How do immigrants affect total population ?
They’re of reproductive age.
Immigrants into population will increase the child bearing potential of that population leading to an increase in birth rate.
Small proportion of elderly in population - so reduced death rate
Overall if Br/Dr are changed by migration then they will have an impact on natural change
Name 2 other demographic indicators
Total fertility rate
Infant mortayktibrate
Nigers birth rate
49.9 per 1,000 in 2011.
Birth rate exceeds death rate so has large natural increase of 38.5 per 1,000 of its population (3.85%)
Nigers death rate
Is low for lic
What are birth dates and fertility rates a endure of ?
Reproductive potential within a population
How are birth rate and fertility rate different ?
Birth rate is measure of total number of births as a proportion of total population per 1,000 of pop - average.
Fertility rates - accurate measure of future pop change as it’s the average number of children each women of reproductive age will give birth to
Replacement rates in HIC
2.1
Replacement rate in LICs
3.5 in Sierra Leone
What happens if fertility rates are still high ?
Pop will continue to growth rapidly as each new generation will be larger than the previous one.
How is it possible to have below net replacement rate but still have natural increase ?
Population consists of more than just youngest 2 generations and they have more people living longer
UK
Why is infant mortality rates important?
Age specific - only babies affected. Vulnerable.
Indication of level of healthcare - maternity/ post natal / combat disease
Indication of wealth - HIC afford healthcare / medicines / clean water to keep infants alive
Impact on fertility rate - places with high infant mortality will have no choice but to keep having babies to ensure child will survive to adulthood
