International Migration Flashcards
Definition of migration
Movement of people across a specified boundary in order to establish new permanent or semi permanently residence
Various scales
Though different factors
Impacts pop of source and origin
Define asylum seeker
Fled their country of origin and applies for asylum under the 1951 convention on the grounds that they cannot return to their country of origin due to fear of death
Refugee
Person fleeing due to civil war or natural disaster
Application for asylum has been successful
Where does migration tend to occur ?
From LICs to HICs
For better opportunities
Work
Living conditions
Pay
Define economic migrants
Person who has voluntarily left country or origin to seek by law or unlawful means / employment
A lot claim they’re asylum seekers tonhope to secure entry into a country
How widespread is migration ?
2015
244 million people
3.3 of the population lived outside of their country of origin.
Push factors definition
Reasons which are based at origin of migration and which initiate the migrants desire to move
Pull factors definition
Based at intended destination of migrant
Attract people
Forced migration
Little or no choice about moving
Push factors
War/ conflict / political instability
Religious persecution
Natural disasters
Low unemployment / working conditions / food
Pull factors
Better quality of life
Higher employment
Better health
More freedom
More services Ei education
How many refugees / asylum seekers are there ?
UN figure claimed that 1 in every 122 people globally is either refugee / asylum seeker/ displaced person
How many people do war / conflict cause to move ?
2015
19.5 million
Lees push pull model of migration
Need to be pushed from country and pulled to another.
Most are economic for work
Negatives are push factors
Positives are pull
Migrate evalute these ^^ factors before moving
Travel costs / language barriers / border controls
Why is the journey bad for migrants V
Over sea on unstable craft
Walks through unsafe hot countries
Border controls
Positives of international migration
New opportunities
Additional skills added to destination country
Origin receives remittances
Negatives of international migration
Original country lose skilled working people
Pressure on global resources
Employment loss / service loss in origin
In the past where was movement occurring the most ?
Rural to urban migration in developing countries
What happens to population through migration ?
Population size will change.
As well as age / gender will impact structure
Demographuc implications for home and host country
Home;
Lower birth rates / ageing pop/ loss of male
Host;
Balances pop/ increase BR/ more males
How is migration different to natural change ?
Migration has an immediate impact and it’s usually not as large
Impacts of migration on pop structure?
Host;
Reproductive age - higher BR - Uk.
More boys - UAE.
Bigger economically active proportion of population so a reduction in dependency
Name a big negative of international diseases ?
Disease transmission.
Although with improved healthcare / antibiotics it has improved there is still diseases prevalent in lic countries - Communicable.
TB
1980s TB was thought to be eradicated in uk
However increase in TB in the gradually increased over 2 decades especially in London where number of cases rose by 50% between 1999-2000
Economic migrants and health services
Light to moderate users - young healthy employed
But
Some do due to social deprivation / poor English / lack of education on health
Health impacts during migration.
Greater journey = trauma / abuse / deprivation especially if trafficking
