polio, rabies, viruses, prions,

Question 1

morphology of rabies virus

Answer 1

rod shaped enveloped RNA virus

Question 2

type of virus causing rabies

Answer 2

rhabdovirus

Question 3

route of rabies transmission from wound to brain

Answer 3

nerve endings –> dorsal root ganglia –> Spinal cord –> brain

Question 4

parts of the brain infected by rabies

Answer 4

brain stem, hippocampus, cerbellum

Question 5

how virus moves up neurons

Answer 5

axonal transport

Question 6

rabies virus spreads from CNS to:

Answer 6

salivary glands, kidneys, cornea (highly innervated areas)

Question 7

factors associated with rabies incubation period

Answer 7

distance of wound to brain
concentration of virus in inolculum
severity of wound
host age and immune status

Question 8

immune response to rabies infection

Answer 8

neutralizing antibody is protective

cell mediated responses not effective

Question 9

inflammation response to infected (non-nervous) tissue

Answer 9

none

Question 10

major resirvoirs of rabies

Answer 10

domestic animals, cattle, small carnivorous mammals

Question 11

non-animal bite possible rabies tranmission mode

Answer 11

cornea/organ transplants

Question 12

lab diagnosis of rabies

Answer 12

cytoplasmic negri bodies in neurons
viral RNA in skin or CNS by PCR
viral antigen in skin or CNS by IF

Question 13

treatment of rabies exposure

Answer 13

killed virus vacciene before sx occur

Question 14

diseases caused by slow viruses (5)

Answer 14

progressive mutifocal leukoencephalopathy
subacute panencephalitis
subacute measles encephalitis
progressive rubella panencephalitis
AIDS

Question 15

prion diseases

Answer 15

Kuru
CJD
gertsmann-straussler syndrome
scrapie
BSE

Question 16

virus causing PML

Answer 16

papovavirus (JC virus)

Question 17

clinical signs of PML

Answer 17

cerebral sx (confusion, dementia, aphasia, visual field defects)

Question 18

SSPE virus

Answer 18

defective measles virus

Question 19

sx of SSPE

Answer 19

children: withdrawal, intellectual decline, mycoclonic jerks, visual decline. progresses to vegetative state and death

Question 20

pathologic features of PML

Answer 20

infection of oligodendrocytes
• multifocal areas of demyelination
• lesions only in white matter of brain
• little or no inflammatory response

Question 21

risk for PML

Answer 21

immunocompromised pts

Question 22

pathenogenesis of SSPE

Answer 22

• Measles virus defective in M protein is not properly
assembled
• Virus spreads from cell to cell but is not released
• Viral glycoproteins are not expressed on cell
surface - infected cells not recognized by immune
response
• Scarring and demyelinization of areas of brain

Question 23

prevention of SSPE

Answer 23

measles vax

Question 24

clinical features of Kuru

Answer 24

cerebellar ataxia, disarthria

Question 25

designation of infectious Prion

Answer 25

PrP

Question 26

SX of PRP

Answer 26

cerebellar dysfunction, slow wave EEG

Question 27

pathology of PRP

Answer 27

widespread destruction of white matter, lesions located near blood vessels

Question 28

examples of enterovirus (3)

Answer 28

poliovirus Coxsackievirus echovirus

Question 29

transmissions routes of enterovirus

Answer 29

fecal-oral | respiratiry

Question 30

icubation period of enteroviruses

Answer 30

2-10 days

Question 31

poliovirus primarily causes lesions in

Answer 31

grey matter of anterior horns of spinal cord | motor nuclei of pons and medulla

Question 32

secondary sites of polio lesions

Answer 32

mesencephalon, cerebellar roof nuclei, precentral gyrus of cerebrum

Question 33

sx of minor polio

Answer 33

(frequently asymptomatic) | low grade fever, malaise, anorexia

Question 34

sx of abortive polio

Answer 34

``` fever headache and myalgia hyperesthesias and parethesias stiffness of neck, back, and hamstrings spinal and nucal rigidity superficial and DTR changes ```

Question 35

lab findings in abortive polio

Answer 35

CSF similar to asceptic meningitis

Question 36

sx of paralytic polio

Answer 36

``` abortive + higher fever arreflexia muscle group weakness flacid, asymmetric paralysis ```

Question 37

cranial nerves affected by bulbar polio

Answer 37

IX and X

Question 38

inactivated polio vx name

Answer 38

salk (injected)

Question 39

salk vx induces

Answer 39

systemic immunity

Question 40

live attenuated polio vx name

Answer 40

sabin (oral)

Question 41

sabin vx induces

Answer 41

systemic and local immunity

Question 42

sx of acute enteroviral illnes

Answer 42

fever, irritability, lethargy, poor feeding, exanthems, vomiting, URTI, diarrhea

Question 43

main cause of aseptic meningitis in US

Answer 43

enterovirus

Question 44

cause of most acute sporadic myocarditis

Answer 44

coxsackie B

Question 45

precedes myopericarditis

Answer 45

febrile URTI

Question 46

diagnosis of enteroviral myopericarditis

Answer 46

Echo/EKG enzymes PCR

Question 47

virus causing hand,foot, and mouth

Answer 47

coxackie A16

Question 48

signs of hand foot and mouth

Answer 48

fever, oral ulcers, vesicles on palms and soles

Question 49

sx of herpangia

Answer 49

abrupt fever and severe sore throat hyperemic pharynx pharynx/mouth vesicles

Question 50

cause of herpangia

Answer 50

coxsackie A

Question 51

sx of pleurodynia

Answer 51

abrupt fever and severe chest pain - intensified by movement may be preceded by malaise, anorexia, and headache abdominal pain in kids

Question 52

cause of pleurodynia

Answer 52

coxsackie B

Question 53

diagnostic test of choice for enterovirus

Answer 53

RT-PCR

Question 54

morphology of picornavirus

Answer 54

single strand RNA, acid stable