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CNS I > polio, rabies, viruses, prions, > Flashcards

polio, rabies, viruses, prions, Flashcards

Compare and contrast Salk and Sabin vaccines. Diagnose diseases caused by Coxsackie A and B viruses and enteroviruses. Diagnose rabies from clinical presentation and lab findings. Recommend treatment for rabies. Identify neurological syndromes caused by JC, measles, and rubella viruses. Compare and contrast viruses and prions.

1
Q

morphology of rabies virus

A

rod shaped enveloped RNA virus

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2
Q

type of virus causing rabies

A

rhabdovirus

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3
Q

route of rabies transmission from wound to brain

A

nerve endings –> dorsal root ganglia –> Spinal cord –> brain

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4
Q

parts of the brain infected by rabies

A

brain stem, hippocampus, cerbellum

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5
Q

how virus moves up neurons

A

axonal transport

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6
Q

rabies virus spreads from CNS to:

A

salivary glands, kidneys, cornea (highly innervated areas)

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7
Q

factors associated with rabies incubation period

A

distance of wound to brain
concentration of virus in inolculum
severity of wound
host age and immune status

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8
Q

immune response to rabies infection

A

neutralizing antibody is protective

cell mediated responses not effective

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9
Q

inflammation response to infected (non-nervous) tissue

A

none

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10
Q

major resirvoirs of rabies

A

domestic animals, cattle, small carnivorous mammals

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11
Q

non-animal bite possible rabies tranmission mode

A

cornea/organ transplants

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12
Q

lab diagnosis of rabies

A

cytoplasmic negri bodies in neurons
viral RNA in skin or CNS by PCR
viral antigen in skin or CNS by IF

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13
Q

treatment of rabies exposure

A

killed virus vacciene before sx occur

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14
Q

diseases caused by slow viruses (5)

A 
progressive mutifocal leukoencephalopathy
subacute panencephalitis
subacute measles encephalitis
progressive rubella panencephalitis
AIDS
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15
Q

prion diseases

A 
Kuru
CJD
gertsmann-straussler syndrome
scrapie
BSE
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16
Q

virus causing PML

A

papovavirus (JC virus)

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17
Q

clinical signs of PML

A

cerebral sx (confusion, dementia, aphasia, visual field defects)

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18
Q

SSPE virus

A

defective measles virus

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19
Q

sx of SSPE

A

children: withdrawal, intellectual decline, mycoclonic jerks, visual decline. progresses to vegetative state and death

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20
Q

pathologic features of PML

A

infection of oligodendrocytes
• multifocal areas of demyelination
• lesions only in white matter of brain
• little or no inflammatory response

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21
Q

risk for PML

A

immunocompromised pts

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22
Q

pathenogenesis of SSPE

A

• Measles virus defective in M protein is not properly
assembled
• Virus spreads from cell to cell but is not released
• Viral glycoproteins are not expressed on cell
surface - infected cells not recognized by immune
response
• Scarring and demyelinization of areas of brain

23
Q

prevention of SSPE

A

measles vax

24
Q

clinical features of Kuru

A

cerebellar ataxia, disarthria

25
Q

designation of infectious Prion

A

PrP

26
Q

SX of PRP

A

cerebellar dysfunction, slow wave EEG

27
Q

pathology of PRP

A

widespread destruction of white matter, lesions located near blood vessels

28
Q

examples of enterovirus (3)

A

poliovirus
Coxsackievirus
echovirus

29
Q

transmissions routes of enterovirus

A

fecal-oral

respiratiry

30
Q

icubation period of enteroviruses

A

2-10 days

31
Q

poliovirus primarily causes lesions in

A

grey matter of anterior horns of spinal cord

motor nuclei of pons and medulla

32
Q

secondary sites of polio lesions

A

mesencephalon, cerebellar roof nuclei, precentral gyrus of cerebrum

33
Q

sx of minor polio

A

(frequently asymptomatic)

low grade fever, malaise, anorexia

34
Q

sx of abortive polio

A 
fever
headache and myalgia
hyperesthesias and parethesias
stiffness of neck, back, and hamstrings
spinal and nucal rigidity
superficial and DTR changes
35
Q

lab findings in abortive polio

A

CSF similar to asceptic meningitis

36
Q

sx of paralytic polio

A 
abortive +
higher fever
arreflexia
muscle group weakness
flacid, asymmetric paralysis
37
Q

cranial nerves affected by bulbar polio

A

IX and X

38
Q

inactivated polio vx name

A

salk (injected)

39
Q

salk vx induces

A

systemic immunity

40
Q

live attenuated polio vx name

A

sabin (oral)

41
Q

sabin vx induces

A

systemic and local immunity

42
Q

sx of acute enteroviral illnes

A

fever, irritability, lethargy, poor feeding, exanthems, vomiting, URTI, diarrhea

43
Q

main cause of aseptic meningitis in US

A

enterovirus

44
Q

cause of most acute sporadic myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

45
Q

precedes myopericarditis

A

febrile URTI

46
Q

diagnosis of enteroviral myopericarditis

A

Echo/EKG
enzymes
PCR

47
Q

virus causing hand,foot, and mouth

A

coxackie A16

48
Q

signs of hand foot and mouth

A

fever, oral ulcers, vesicles on palms and soles

49
Q

sx of herpangia

A

abrupt fever and severe sore throat
hyperemic pharynx
pharynx/mouth vesicles

50
Q

cause of herpangia

A

coxsackie A

51
Q

sx of pleurodynia

A

abrupt fever and severe chest pain - intensified by movement
may be preceded by malaise, anorexia, and headache
abdominal pain in kids

52
Q

cause of pleurodynia

A

coxsackie B

53
Q

diagnostic test of choice for enterovirus

A

RT-PCR

54
Q

morphology of picornavirus

A

single strand RNA, acid stable

CNS I (36 decks)

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