adrenal Flashcards

For the adrenal hyperfunction disorders, describe the major associated disease, clinical features and expected lab findings For the adrenal hypofunction disorders, describe its clinical features, causes and expect laboratory findings Describe the clinicopathologic features of pheochromocytoma and adrenal adenomas

1
Q

cushings is too much

A

cortisol

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2
Q

most common reason for too much body-produced cortisol

A

ACTH secreting tumor of pituitary

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3
Q

non-glandular reason for too much cortisol

A

paraneoplastic ACTH from tumor (small cell lung cancer)

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4
Q

adrenal findings in pituitary or paraneoplastic cushings

A

bilateral cortical atrophy

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5
Q

adrenal finding in endogenous cushings

A

nodular hyperplasia

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6
Q

most common reason for cushings

A

iatrogenic

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7
Q

adrenal findings in iatrogenic cushings

A

total adrenal atrophy

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8
Q

lab values of adrenal cushings

A

high cortisol.low ACTH

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9
Q

crooke hylaline change

A

normal granular basophilic cytoplasm of pituitary replaced with homogenous lightly basophilic material

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10
Q

adrenal glands with yellows tumors surrounded by capsules

A

adenomas

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11
Q

large non-capsulated adrenal tumors

A

carcinomas

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12
Q

increased levels of plasma renin a sign of

A

secondary hyperaldosterinism

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13
Q

can cause secondary hyperaldosterinism

A

decreased renal perfusion
hypovomenia
pregnency

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14
Q

decreased plasma renin a sign of

A

primary hyperaldosterinism

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15
Q

spirolactone bodies

A

aldosterone-producting adenomas

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16
Q

eosinophilic laminated cytoplasmic inclusions

A

spirolactone bodies

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17
Q

DOC of hyperaldosternoism

A

spirolactone

18
Q

clincial hallmark of hyperaldosteronism

A

high bloood pressure

19
Q

long term effects of hyperaldosteronism

A

LV hypertrophy, hypokalemia

20
Q

enzyme deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

12-hydroxylase

21
Q

masculinization in females, precocious puberty in makes, salt wasting and hypotension

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

22
Q

causes of acute adrenal insuffciency

A

massive adrenal cortex
waterhouse-freiderichsen syndrome
sudden wd of long-term corticosteroid therapy
sress in pts with underlying chronic adrenal insuffciencu

23
Q

causes of chronic adrenal insuffciency

A

autoimmune adrenalitis
TB
AIDS
metastatic disease

24
Q

chronic adrenalcortical insufficiency name

A

addison disease

25
most common cause of addison
autoimmune (APS1)h
26
hyperpigmentatio is in
primary addison disease
27
GI disturbances, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, hyperkalemia, hyponatermia, volume depletion and hypotension
primary addison disease
28
low cortiso and androgen and normal aldosterone
secondary hypoadrenalism
29
intractable vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension, coma and vascular collapse
acute adrenal crisis
30
infections, including TB and AIDS can cuase
chronic hypoadrenalism
31
syndromes associated with adrenal cortical carcinomas
li-fraumeni and beckwith-wiedemann
32
porrly demarcated lesions with necrosis, hemorrage and cystic change
adrenocortical carcinomas
33
adrenal cancers invade the:
adrenal vein, vena cave and lymphatics
34
icubation of tissue with potassium dicromate turns it dark brown
pheo
35
zellballen nests
pheo
36
small nets of granular cells highlihted by silver stain
pheo
37
definitive dx of pheo malignancy made by
mets
38
clinical feature of pheo
abrupt spike in hypertension, tachycardia, palps, headache, sweating, tremor, apprehension
39
risks of pheo
MI, HF, renal injury, CVA
40
lab dx of pheo
increased urinary catecholamines