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CNS I > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

Be able to name the brain's major neurotransmitters, their origin, and the location(s) of their receptors. Be able to relate how psychotropic medications lead to altered NT concentrations (either therapeutically or adverse) Be able to describe how abnormal NT concentrations relate to neurological or psychiatric disorders

1
Q

4 monoamines

A

NE, Serotonin, Dopamine, Histamine

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2
Q

2 Amino acid NTs

A

glu and GABA

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3
Q

main inhibitory NT

A

GABA

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4
Q

main exitatory NT

A

glu

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5
Q

ligand gated ion channels are what speed

A

fast

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6
Q

G-protein gated recptors are what speed

A

slow

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7
Q

type of synaptic transmission triggered by a single depolarization

A

ligand-gated ion channel

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8
Q

type of synaptic transmission triggered by prolonged or repetitive depolarization

A

G-protein

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9
Q

GABA is a derivative of:

A

Glutamate

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10
Q

example neuropeptide

A

substance P

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11
Q

depolarizing is (exitatory/inhibitory)

A

exititory

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12
Q

hyperpolarizing is (exitatory/inhibitory)

A

inhibitory

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13
Q

location of nACh receptors

A

PNS along NMJs

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14
Q

location of mACh receotors

A

CNS (brain and autonomic ganglia)

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15
Q

location of Glu neurons

A

CNS interneurons, primary sensory neurons, pyrimidal cells of cortex

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16
Q

location of GABA neurons

A

CNS interneurons, purkinje cells, Basal ganglia, thalmus

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17
Q

receptor in learning

A

NMDA glutamate receptor

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18
Q

define synaptic plasticity

A

regulation of strength of connection between 2 synapses

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19
Q

required for NMDA to fire

A

both glu/NMDA AND depolarization

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20
Q

causes exitotoxiity

A

too much glu.

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21
Q

cause/result of glu toxicity

A

anoxia from stroke/causes excessive Ca++ intake by the neuron - reults in injury and death

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22
Q

action of GABA

A

hyper-polarizes cells by allowing influx of Cl-

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23
Q

cause of huntington’s

A

destruction of GABAergic neurons in BG

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24
Q

neuropathology of tetanus and strychnine poisoning

A

toxin inhibits presynaaptic GABA release

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25
Q

cause of “Stiff-person” syndrome

A

antibodies to GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) from autoimmune or paraneoplastic syndrome

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26
Q

excessive ___ can cause seizures

A

glu

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27
Q

treatment for glu toxicity

A

more GABA (benzos)

28
Q

nuclei producting dopamine

A

substantia nigra

29
Q

D2 involved in _____ tract

A

nigrostrial

30
Q

D2 needed for

A

smooth fluid muscle action

31
Q

D1 involved in ____ tract

A

mesolimbic

32
Q

D1 neeed for

A

fear and reward responses

33
Q

Parkinsons results from death of cells in

A

pars compacta within substantia nigra

34
Q

cocaine/meth results in reward dysfunction by

A

blocking dopamine re-uptake and release of more dopamine

35
Q

excessive dopamine can cause

A

paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, disorginized thoughts

36
Q

rate limiting step in dopamine synthesis

A

L-tyrosine to L-Dopa

37
Q

enzyme in rate limiting step of dopamine synthesis

A

trysine hydroxylase

38
Q

DOC in Parkinsons

39
Q

conditions from low dopamine

A

parkinsons and ADHD/Depression

40
Q

conditions from too high dopamine

A

schizophrenia

41
Q

nuclei of serotonin origin

A

raphe nucleus

42
Q

targets of serotonin

A

frontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens

43
Q

serotin receptor type

44
Q

receptor involved in mood, appetite, energy, and sexual function

45
Q

receptor involved in nausea

46
Q

name of the vomiting center in brain

A

area prostema

47
Q

rate limiting step of serotonin synthesis

A

L-tryptophan to 5-HTP

48
Q

enzyme in rate limiting step of serotinin synthesis

49
Q

NT lacking in major depressive disorder

50
Q

DOC for major depressive disorder

51
Q

DOC for anxiety disorder

52
Q

DOC for nausea

A

ondansentron

53
Q

sx of serotonin toxicity

A

headache, delirium, hyperthermia, hypertension, tremor, hyperreflexia, clonus

54
Q

food and drug combo that can cause serotonin toxicity

A

cheese and MAOIs

55
Q

drugs of abuse that target serotonin receptors

56
Q

area producing NE

A

locus ceruleus

57
Q

target areas of NE

A

frontal/limbic cortex, spinal column

58
Q

locus ceruleus degeneration can cause what disease

A

parkinson’s

59
Q

cocaine inhibits reuptake of which NTs

A

NE and dopamine

60
Q

ACh nuclei of origin

A

nucleus basilis of mynert/pedunculopontine nucleus

61
Q

pedunculpontine tract projects to

A

thalmus, BG, frontal cortex

62
Q

loss of ACh tracts associated with what disease

A

alzehimer’s

63
Q

NT heavily associated with limbic system and homeostasis

64
Q

poisons that can cause ACh toxicity

A

sarin/organophosphates

65
Q

Sx of ACh toxicity

A

SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defication, GI upset, Emesis)

66
Q

drug that causes anticholigenergic toxicity

A

atropine, anti nausea, anti depressents, anti-histamine, anti-psychotics

67
Q

sx of anticholinergic toxicity

A

“hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter”

CNS I (36 decks)

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